{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:32:53Z","timestamp":1758475973279},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An equation describing the time-evolution of glottal volume velocity with specified vocal fold motion is derived when the sub- and supra-glottal vocal tracts are present. The derivation of this Fant equation employs a property explicated in Howe and McGowan [(2011) J. Fluid Mech. 672, 428\u2013450] that the Fant equation is the adjoint to the equation characterizing the matching conditions of sub- and supra-glottal Green\u2019s functions segments with the glottal segment. The present aeroacoustic development shows that measurable quantities such as input impedances at the glottis, provide the coefficients for the Fant equation when source-tract interaction is included in the development. Explicit expressions for the Green\u2019s function are not required. With the poles and zeros of the input impedance functions specified, the Fant equation can be solved. After the general derivation of the Fant equation, the specific cases where plane wave acoustic propagation is described either by a Sturm-Liouville problem or concatenated cylindrical tubes is considered. Simulations show the expected skewing of the glottal volume velocity pulses depending on whether the fundamental frequency is below or above a sub- or supra-glottal formant. More complex glottal wave forms result when both the first supra-glottal fundamental frequencies are high and close to the first sub-glottal formant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3685824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]],"date-time":"2012-04-12T22:34:05Z","timestamp":1334270045000},"page":"2999-3016","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Source-tract interaction with prescribed vocal fold motion"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Richard S.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CReSS LLC, 1 Seaborn Place, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University College of Engineering, , 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072801524448100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(82)90015-2","article-title":"Calculation of true glottal flow and its components","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023072801524448100_c2","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Methods of Mathematical Physics","year":"1953"},{"key":"2023072801524448100_c3","first-page":"93","article-title":"\u201cPractical flow-duct acoustics applied to the vocal tract","volume-title":"Vocal Fold Physiology: Frontiers in Basic Science","author":"Titze","year":"1993"},{"key":"2023072801524448100_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3586785","article-title":"A theoretical model of the pressure field arising from asymmetric intraglottal flows applied to a two-mass model of the vocal folds","volume":"130","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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