{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:00:23Z","timestamp":1784736023124,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Detailed analysis of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) in human subjects revealed that all stable SOAEs sufficiently above the noise floor to permit appropriate analysis have sidebands at multiples of approximately 1 Hz. This is consistent with the hypothesis that SOAEs are modulated by heartbeat. Simultaneous measurement of the rate of blood flow to the thumb and the separation of the spectral sidebands demonstrated that they covary (r=0.982,\u2008p&amp;lt;5\u00d710\u221210). An adaptive least-squares fit (LSF) paradigm was developed to facilitate the measurement of the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the signals. A combination of traditional spectral analyses and new LSF analyses showed that the sideband generation stems from frequency modulation of the emissions. If there is any amplitude modulation correlated with the blood flow, it is below the noise floor of the analysis. The frequency of the emission was at a minimum when the blood flow was maximal. Examination of alternative mechanisms using computer simulations suggests that these changes stem from changes of 10\u2013100 ppm in the mass of the basilar membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.420339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:03:47Z","timestamp":1027692227000},"page":"2831-2848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Spontaneous otoacoustic emission frequency is modulated by heartbeat"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Glenis R.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrick L.","family":"Talmadge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071400475978300_axe"},{"key":"2023071400475978300_bel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(92)90012-C","article-title":"Circadian and menstrual rhythms in frequency variations of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions from human ears","volume":"58","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hearing Res."},{"key":"2023071400475978300_boe"},{"key":"2023071400475978300_bro0"},{"key":"2023071400475978300_bro3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1121\/1.406883","article-title":"A high resolution fundamental determination based on phase changes of the Fourier transform","volume":"94","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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