{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:59:23Z","timestamp":1791352763781,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychophysical forward-masked thresholds were estimated for 3- and 6-month-old infants and for adults. Listeners detected a repeated 1000-Hz probe, with 16-ms rise time, no steady-state duration, and 16-ms fall time. Unmasked thresholds were determined for one group of listeners who were trained to respond when they heard the probe but not at other times. In the masking conditions, each tone burst was preceded by a 100-ms broadband noise masker at 65 dB SPL. Listeners were trained to respond when they heard the probe and masker, but not when they heard the masker alone. The masker\u2013probe interval, \u0394t, was either 5, 10, 25, or 200 ms. Four groups of subjects listened in the masked conditions, each at one value of \u0394t. Each listener attempted to complete a block of 32 trials including four probe levels chosen to span the range of expected thresholds. \u201cGroup\u201d thresholds, based on average psychometric functions, as well as thresholds for individual listeners, were estimated. Both group and individual thresholds declined with \u0394t, as expected, for both infants and adults. Infants\u2019 masked thresholds were higher than those of adults, and comparison of masked to unmasked thresholds suggested that infants demonstrate more forward masking than adults, particularly at short \u0394t. Forward masking appeared to have greater effects on 3-month-olds\u2019 detection than on either 6-month-olds\u2019 or adults\u2019. Compared to adults, 6-month-olds demonstrated more forward masking only for \u0394t of 5 ms. Thus, susceptibility to forward masking may be nearly mature by 6 months of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:06:35Z","timestamp":1027692395000},"page":"2445-2453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Forward masking among infant and adult listeners"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Lynne A.","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, 1417 N.E. 42nd Street, Seattle, Washington\u200998105-6246"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071405323392100_all","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3802.503","article-title":"Effects of signal and masker uncertainty on children\u2019s detection","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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