{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:05:23Z","timestamp":1760216723516},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A classical vocal exercise called \u201cmessa di voce\u201d (Italian for \u201cplacing the voice\u201d) was used to study the symmetry of intensity increase and decrease in six trained singers. Ideally, the exercise is performed as a symmetric triangle, a linear increase in loudness, followed by a linear decrease. Given that some physiologic variables, like lung volume, undergo unidirectional change rather than a symmetric reversal, there is reason to believe that symmetries may not exist. It was found that highly trained singers who use large SPL ranges tend to abbreviate the decrescendo phase in comparison with the crescendo phase. In a few other cases, a plateau in SPL is reached, but an increase in loudness may still be perceived on the basis of a stronger vibrato or changes in timbre.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:06:35Z","timestamp":1027692395000},"page":"2933-2940","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Messa di voce<\/i>: An investigation of the symmetry of crescendo and decrescendo in a singing exercise"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Ingo R.","family":"Titze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Voice and Speech"},{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242-1012"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russel","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Voice and Speech"},{"name":"Wilber James Gould Voice Research Center, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George I.","family":"Shirley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Voice and Speech"},{"name":"School of Music, The University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Voice and Speech and Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine O.","family":"Ramig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Voice and Speech"},{"name":"Wilber James Gould Voice Research Center, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teacher\u2019s College, Columbia University"},{"name":"Actors Studio, MFA Program, School of Dramatic Arts, The New School for Social Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Actors Studio, MFA Program, School of Dramatic Arts, The New School for Social Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071403513974800_con"},{"key":"2023071403513974800_ho86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2903.313","article-title":"Body type and speech breathing","volume":"29","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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