{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:58:16Z","timestamp":1791284296368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Newly developed glottographic sensors, utilizing high-frequency propagating electromagnetic waves, were compared to a well-established electroglottographic device. The comparison was made on four male subjects under different phonation conditions, including three levels of vocal fold adduction (normal, breathy, and pressed), three different registers (falsetto, chest, and fry), and two different pitches. Agreement between the sensors was always found for the glottal closure event, but for the general wave shape the agreement was better for falsetto and breathy voice than for pressed voice and vocal fry. Differences are attributed to the field patterns of the devices. Whereas the electroglottographic device can operate only in a conduction mode, the electromagnetic device can operate in either the forward scattering (diffraction) mode or in the backward scattering (reflection) mode. Results of our tests favor the diffraction mode because a more favorable angle imposed on receiving the scattered (reflected) signal did not improve the signal strength. Several observations are made on the uses of the electromagnetic sensors for operation without skin contact and possibly in an array configuration for improved spatial resolution within the glottis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:21:16Z","timestamp":1027693276000},"page":"581-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Comparison between electroglottography and electromagnetic glottography"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Ingo R.","family":"Titze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology and National Center for Voice and Speech, The University of Iowa and the Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad H.","family":"Story","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology and National Center for Voice and Speech, The University of Iowa and the Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science, University of California at Davis, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California\u200994557"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Holzrichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California\u200994551"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California\u200994551"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Sciences Institute, Apple Valley, Minnesota\u200955124"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071407311548600_bu99"},{"key":"2023071407311548600_bl99","first-page":"31","article-title":"Use of Kodak Ektapro high-speed digital cameras in laryngoscopy","volume":"2","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phonoscope"},{"key":"2023071407311548600_bu97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1121\/1.420785","article-title":"Voiced excitation functions calculated from micro-power impulse radar information","volume":"102","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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