{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:07:44Z","timestamp":1778666864439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A comparison of published equal loudness contours indicates that different shapes are obtained at a comfortable level when the measurements are done in an occluded ear than when they are done in an open ear, even though all measurements are expressed as dB SPL at the eardrum. This paper presents the result from a loudness balancing test which confirms this observation. Eleven normal-hearing listeners balanced the level of a 500- and a 3000-Hz octave band babble-noise to the level of a 1500-Hz octave band babble-noise. The balancing test was completed in open and occluded ears using a loudspeaker and a hearing aid receiver, respectively. A probe tube microphone was used to measure the actual levels presented near the individual\u2019s eardrum. The results show that an average of 10 dB higher level was selected for the 500-Hz octave band when listening with the occluded ear than when listening with the open ear. A large range of factors is discussed, but no physical explanation for the discrepancy was found. The findings could have consequences for psychoacoustic experiments and for the use of loudness measurements for hearing aid prescription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.429406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:08:44Z","timestamp":1027692524000},"page":"3351-3357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relative loudness perception of low and high frequency sounds in the open and occluded ear"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Gitte","family":"Keidser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Acoustic Laboratories, 126 Greville Street, Chatswood, NSW\u20092067, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rickard","family":"Katsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Acoustic Laboratories, 126 Greville Street, Chatswood, NSW\u20092067, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Acoustic Laboratories, 126 Greville Street, Chatswood, NSW\u20092067, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Acoustic Laboratories, 126 Greville Street, Chatswood, NSW\u20092067, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071406323517200_arl89","first-page":"195","article-title":"Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels for insert earphones","volume":"18","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. Audiol."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_bea97","first-page":"243","article-title":"IHAFF loudness contour test: reliability and effects of approach mode in normal-hearing subjects","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071406323517200_ben89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198902000-00010","article-title":"Transfer functions and correction factors used in hearing aid evaluation and research","volume":"10","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_ber49"},{"key":"2023071406323517200_byr94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1121\/1.410152","article-title":"An international comparison of long-term average speech spectra","volume":"96","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_chr80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398009076328","article-title":"Preferred listening levels for bands of speech in relation to hearing aid selection","volume":"9","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scand. Audiol."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_cox89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3204.816","article-title":"Comfortable loudness level: stimulus effects, long-term reliability, and predictability","volume":"32","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023071406323517200_cox95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00025572-199502000-00001","article-title":"Using loudness data for hearing aid selection: The IHAFF Approach","volume":"48","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023071406323517200_cox97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199710000-00004","article-title":"The contour test of loudness perception","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_den90"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071406323517200_haw80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198001000-00006","article-title":"The effect of signal type on the loudness discomfort level","volume":"1","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_hol87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395008","article-title":"The relative loudness of third-octave bands of speech","volume":"81","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023071406323517200_hum96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/108471389600100402","article-title":"Real-ear measurement of hearing threshold and loudness","volume":"1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Amp."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_iso61"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071406323517200_kei99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/010503999424860","article-title":"An efficient, adaptive method of measuring loudness growth functions","volume":"28","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. Audiol."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_kei96"},{"key":"2023071406323517200_kha89"},{"key":"2023071406323517200_kil78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381844","article-title":"Revised estimate of minimum audible pressure: Where is the \u2018missing 6 dB\u2019?","volume":"63","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_mor74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1903249","article-title":"Loudness discomfort level under earphone and in the free field: The effects of calibration methods","volume":"56","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_morg74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1903293","article-title":"Loudness discomfort level: Selected methods and stimuli","volume":"56","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_mun52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906927","article-title":"In search of the missing 6 dB","volume":"24","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_pol52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906871","article-title":"Comfortable listening levels for pure tones in quiet and noise","volume":"24","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_ric75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1803.498","article-title":"Most comfortable loudness for pure tones and speech in the presence of masking noise","volume":"18","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_ric96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415415","article-title":"The effect of test signal type and bandwidth on the categorical scaling of loudness","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_rud82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1121\/1.387540","article-title":"The case of the missing 6 dB","volume":"71","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071406323517200_wal84","first-page":"23","article-title":"The use of loudness discomfort levels for selecting the maximum output of hearing aids","volume":"6","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust. J. Audiol."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_wat40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1916053","article-title":"Selective amplification in hearing aids","volume":"11","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071406323517200_wil88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396162","article-title":"Reference thresholds for the ER-3A insert earphone","volume":"83","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/107\/6\/3351\/12241026\/3351_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/107\/6\/3351\/12241026\/3351_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T07:07:39Z","timestamp":1689318459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/107\/6\/3351\/555141\/Relative-loudness-perception-of-low-and-high"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.429406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}}}