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Target regions for each consonant, characterized in terms of x,y,z tongue positions at the point of maximum tongue elevation, were extracted. Distances and overlaps were computed between all consonant pairs and compared to the distances and overlaps of their contextual targets. Cognates and postalveolar homorganics were found to share the location of their target regions. On average, alveolar stops showed distinctively different target regions than alveolar fricatives, which in turn showed different target region locations than the postalveolar consonants. Across talker variability in target locations was partially explained by differences in habitual speaking rate and hard palate characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4733542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1344464198000},"page":"1027-1038","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Positional targets for lingual consonants defined using electromagnetic articulography"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Yana","family":"Yunusova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto , 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Toronto , 100 St. George Street, Room 6018, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Rudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto , 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Baljko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Daskalogiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Toronto , 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071806123941900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(97)00025-3","article-title":"Learning to speak: Sensori-motor control of speech movements","volume":"22","year":"1997","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023071806123941900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0226)","article-title":"Accuracy of the NDI Wave speech research system","volume":"54","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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