{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:30:38Z","timestamp":1790440238615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increases in open quotient are widely assumed to cause changes in the amplitude of the first harmonic relative to the second (H1*\u2013H2*), which in turn correspond to increases in perceived vocal breathiness. Empirical support for these assumptions is rather limited, and reported relationships among these three descriptive levels have been variable. This study examined the empirical relationship among H1*\u2013H2*, the glottal open quotient (OQ), and glottal area waveform skewness, measured synchronously from audio recordings and high-speed video images of the larynges of six phonetically knowledgeable, vocally healthy speakers who varied fundamental frequency and voice qualities quasi-orthogonally. Across speakers and voice qualities, OQ, the asymmetry coefficient, and fundamental frequency accounted for an average of 74% of the variance in H1*\u2013H2*. However, analyses of individual speakers showed large differences in the strategies used to produce the same intended voice qualities. Thus, H1*\u2013H2* can be predicted with good overall accuracy, but its relationship to phonatory characteristics appears to be speaker dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4747007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,3]],"date-time":"2012-10-03T22:29:09Z","timestamp":1349303349000},"page":"2625-2632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Variability in the relationships among voice quality, harmonic amplitudes, open quotient, and glottal area waveform shape in sustained phonation"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Jody","family":"Kreiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Liang","family":"Shue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dolby Australia , Level 16, 233 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA , 66-147 G Engineering IV, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Iseli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Graduate School of Education , 1400 Ueberroth Building, Los Angeles, California 90095-7150"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Gerratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA , 66-147 G Engineering IV, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072802064714900_c1","volume-title":"Acoustical Terminology"},{"key":"2023072802064714900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100309003879","article-title":"The phonetics of register in Takhian Thong Chong","volume":"39","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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