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Results showed that the first principal component derived from tokens without glottal gaps was significantly (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) associated with the open quotient (OQ). The alternating-current (AC) measure had a significant effect (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) on the first principal component among tokens exhibiting glottal gaps. A measure AC\/OQ, defined as the ratio of AC to OQ, was proposed to combine both amplitude and temporal characteristics of the glottal area waveform for both complete and incomplete glottal closures. Analyses of \u201cglide\u201d phonations in which quality varied continuously from breathy to pressed showed that the AC\/OQ measure was able to characterize the corresponding continuum of glottal area waveform variation, regardless of the presence or absence of glottal gaps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4789931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T01:55:16Z","timestamp":1362621316000},"page":"1656-1666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development of a glottal area index that integrates glottal gap size and open quotient"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, , 63-134 Engr IV, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Kreiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgery, , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Gerratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgery, , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgery, , 31-24 Rehab Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1795"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Liang","family":"Shue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dolby Australia , Level 3, 35 Mitchell Street, McMahons Point, NSW 2060 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering, , 66-147\u2009G Engr IV, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080110035998300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(92)90005-R","article-title":"Glottal wave analysis with pitch synchronous iterative adaptive inverse filtering","volume":"11","year":"1992","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023080110035998300_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1490365","article-title":"Normalized amplitude quotient for parameterization of the glottal flow","volume":"112","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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