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Contrary to this passive oral function, the present x-ray study finds that a substantial portion of the velum moves to constrict the oropharyngeal isthmus for French uvular \/\u0281\/. This substructure, designated the velic traverse, functions independently of the parts of the velum used for velopharyngeal port closure, thus acting as an oral articulator. An active velic traverse challenges methods for estimating vocal tract shapes based on tongue posture alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4792255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T18:00:18Z","timestamp":1360778418000},"page":"EL208-EL213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The velic traverse: An independent oral articulator?"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Gick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia , 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, gick@mail.ubc.ca , naomi.c.francis@gmail.com , anna.klenin@gmail.com , mizrahi@alumni.ubc.ca , deniset16@gmail.com","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia , 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, gick@mail.ubc.ca , naomi.c.francis@gmail.com , anna.klenin@gmail.com , mizrahi@alumni.ubc.ca , deniset16@gmail.com","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Klenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia , 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, gick@mail.ubc.ca , naomi.c.francis@gmail.com , anna.klenin@gmail.com , mizrahi@alumni.ubc.ca , deniset16@gmail.com","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezra","family":"Mizrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia , 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, gick@mail.ubc.ca , naomi.c.francis@gmail.com , anna.klenin@gmail.com , mizrahi@alumni.ubc.ca , deniset16@gmail.com","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia , 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, gick@mail.ubc.ca , naomi.c.francis@gmail.com , anna.klenin@gmail.com , mizrahi@alumni.ubc.ca , deniset16@gmail.com","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Elements of General Phonetics","year":"1967","key":"2025080417011707600_c1"},{"edition":"2nd ed.","volume-title":"Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice","year":"2007","key":"2025080417011707600_c2"},{"key":"2025080417011707600_c3","first-page":"203","article-title":"Patterns of palatoglossus activity and their implications for speech organization","volume":"34","year":"1973","journal-title":"Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research"},{"volume-title":"Fundamental Problems in Phonetics","year":"1977","key":"2025080417011707600_c4"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025080417011707600_c5","first-page":"5","article-title":"L'\/R parisien et autres sons du pharynx (The Parisian \/R\/ and other sounds of the pharynx)","volume":"43","year":"1969","journal-title":"The French Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025080417011707600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000261799","article-title":"Palatoglossus activity during nasal\/nonnasal vowels of Hindi","volume":"44","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"edition":"2nd ed.","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy for Students","year":"2010","key":"2025080417011707600_c7"},{"key":"2025080417011707600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S095267570600087X","article-title":"The valves of the throat and their functioning in tone, vocal register and stress: Laryngoscopic case studies","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phonology"},{"key":"2025080417011707600_c9","first-page":"1","article-title":"The velopharyngeal muscles in speech: An electromyographic and cineradiographic study","volume":"250","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol., Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025080417011707600_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100302001007","article-title":"The use of ultrasound for linguistic phonetic fieldwork","volume":"32","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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