{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:46:33Z","timestamp":1759938393906},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>McKay, Henshall, Farrell, and McDermott [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2054\u20132063 (2003)] developed a practical method to estimate the loudness of periodic electrical signals presented through a cochlear implant. In the present work, this method was extended to time-varying sounds based on two models of time-varying loudness for normal listeners. To fit the model parameters, loudness balancing data was collected with six cochlear implant listeners. The pulse rate of a modulated pulse train was adjusted to equalize its loudness to a reference stimulus. The stimuli were single-electrode time-limited pulse bursts, repeated at a rate of 50\u2009Hz, with on-times varying between 2 and 20\u2009ms. The parameters of two different models of time-varying loudness were fitted to the results. For each model, parameters defining the time windows over which the electrical pulses contribute to instantaneous loudness were optimized. In each case, a good fit was obtained with the loudness balancing results. Therefore, the practical method was successfully extended to time-varying sounds by combining it with existing models of time-varying loudness for acoustic stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4874597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,7]],"date-time":"2014-06-07T00:33:24Z","timestamp":1402101204000},"page":"3513-3519","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Loudness of time-varying stimuli with electric stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Francart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ExpORL , Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 721, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Innes-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bionics Institute , 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh J.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bionics Institute , 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colette M.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bionics Institute , 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071701455550800_c1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Dynamic loudness model (DLM) for normal and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"88","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Acust. Acust."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.09.002","article-title":"Development of a loudness normalisation strategy for combined cochlear implant and acoustic stimulation","volume":"294","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45385","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045385","article-title":"Speech perception and localisation with SCORE bimodal: A loudness normalisation strategy for combined cochlear implant and hearing aid stimulation","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.020","article-title":"APEX 3: A multi-purpose test platform for auditory psychophysical experiments","volume":"172","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c5","first-page":"331","article-title":"A model of loudness applicable to time-varying sounds","volume":"50","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000088853","article-title":"Improved music perception with explicit pitch coding in cochlear implants","volume":"11","year":"2006","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1612488","article-title":"Application of loudness models to sound processing for cochlear implants","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-009-0188-5","article-title":"Amplitude modulation and loudness in cochlear implantees","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1558378","article-title":"A practical method of predicting the loudness of complex electrical stimuli","volume":"113","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-012-0354-z","article-title":"Temporal processing in the auditory system: Insights from cochlear and auditory midbrain implantees","volume":"14","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423316","article-title":"Loudness perception with pulsatile electrical stimulation: The effect of interpulse intervals","volume":"104","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1394222","article-title":"Loudness summation for pulsatile electrical stimulation of the cochlea: Effects of rate, electrode separation, level, and mode of stimulation","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.02.006","article-title":"Perception of Mandarin Chinese with cochlear implants using enhanced temporal pitch cues","volume":"285","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414964","article-title":"Detection of decrements and increments in sinusoids at high overall levels","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1336501","article-title":"Forward masking: Adaptation or integration?","volume":"109","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90014-0","article-title":"Modeling the additivity of nonsimultaneous masking","volume":"80","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381712","article-title":"A power law transformation resulting in a class of short-term integrators that produce time-intensity trades for noise bursts","volume":"63","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1121\/1.421294","article-title":"Basilar-membrane nonlinearity and the growth of forward masking","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.918287","article-title":"Comparison of loudness models for time-varying sounds","volume":"96","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Acust. Acust."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1874632","article-title":"Pitch ranking ability of cochlear implant recipients: a comparison of sound-processing strategies","volume":"117","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2213841","article-title":"Application of real-time loudness models can improve speech recognition for cochlear implant users","volume":"21","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071701455550800_c22","first-page":"237","article-title":"Ueber psychologische und methodische Grundlagen der Lautheit\u201d (\u201cOn psychological and methodical principles of loudness\u201d)","volume":"8","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acustica"},{"key":"2023071701455550800_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381580","article-title":"Procedure for calculating loudnesss of temporally variable sounds","volume":"62","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/135\/6\/3513\/13862949\/3513_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/135\/6\/3513\/13862949\/3513_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T01:46:03Z","timestamp":1689558363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/135\/6\/3513\/607093\/Loudness-of-time-varying-stimuli-with-electric"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4874597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}}}