{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:28:14Z","timestamp":1777620494240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of epilaryngeal area on glottal flow and the acoustic signal has been described [Titze, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 2733\u20132749 (2008)], but it is not known how (or whether) changes in epilaryngeal area influence perceived voice quality. This study examined these relationships in a kinematic vocal tract model. Epilaryngeal constrictions and expansions were simulated at the levels of the aryepiglottic folds and the ventricular folds in the context of four glottal configurations representing normal vibration to severe vocal fold paralysis, for the three corner vowels \/a\/, \/i\/, and \/u\/. Minimum and maximum glottal flow, maximum flow declination rate, spectral slope, cepstral peak prominence, and the harmonics-to-noise ratio were measured, and listeners completed a perceptual sort-and-rate task for all samples. Epilaryngeal constriction and expansion caused salient differences in voice quality. The location of constriction was also perceivable. Vowels simulated with aryepiglottic constriction demonstrated lower maximum airflow and less noise than the other epilaryngeal shapes, and listeners consistently perceived them as distinct from other stimuli. Acoustic differences decreased with increasing severity of simulated paralysis. Results of epilaryngeal constriction and expansion were similar for \/a\/ and \/i\/, and produced slightly different patterns for \/u\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4896459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,5]],"date-time":"2014-11-05T01:32:00Z","timestamp":1415151120000},"page":"2798-2806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Perceptual consequences of changes in epilaryngeal area and shape"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Robin A.","family":"Samlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA School of Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgery, , 31-24 Rehab Center, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1794"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Kreiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA School of Medicine Department of Head and Neck Surgery, , 31-24 Rehab Center, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1794"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080402570838000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2003.09.004","article-title":"The perception of two vocal qualities in a synthesized vocal utterance: ring and pressed voice","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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