{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:26:08Z","timestamp":1784658368802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For at least four decades, there have been reports in scientific literature of people experiencing motion sickness-like symptoms attributed to low-frequency sound and infrasound. In the last several years, there have been an increasing number of such reports with respect to wind turbines; this corresponds to wind turbines becoming more prevalent. A study in Shirley, WI, has led to interesting findings that include: (1) To induce major effects, it appears that the source must be at a very low frequency, about 0.8\u2009Hz and below with maximum effects at about 0.2\u2009Hz; (2) the largest, newest wind turbines are moving down in frequency into this range; (3) the symptoms of motion sickness and wind turbine acoustic emissions \u201csickness\u201d are very similar; (4) and it appears that the same organs in the inner ear, the otoliths may be central to both conditions. Given that the same organs may produce the same symptoms, one explanation is that the wind turbine acoustic emissions may, in fact, induce motion sickness in those prone to this affliction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4913775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T18:27:11Z","timestamp":1426616831000},"page":"1356-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A theory to explain some physiological effects of the infrasonic emissions at some wind farm sites"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Schomer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schomer and Associates, Inc. , 2117 Robert Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61821"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Erdreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erdreich Forensic Acoustics , 1 Westover Way, Edison, New Jersey 08820"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav K.","family":"Pamidighantam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schomer and Associates, Inc. , 2117 Robert Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61821"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schomer and Associates, Inc. , 2117 Robert Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61821"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023073102181100300_c1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Shipboard evaluation of motion sickness incidence and human problem","volume":"7","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Low Freq. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c2","unstructured":"C-Health (2013). \u201cMotion sickness,\u201d http:\/\/chealth.canoe.ca\/channel_condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=183&channel_id=40&relation_id=55627 (Last viewed 12\/11\/2013)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023073102181100300_c3","first-page":"28","article-title":"Practical aspects of the low frequency noise problem","volume":"6","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Low-Freq. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584273","article-title":"Mechanics of the otolith organ-dynamic response","volume":"14","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-303040-5.50011-8","article-title":"Motion sickness","volume-title":"Handbook of Human Vibration","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c6","volume-title":"Acoustics\u2014Description, measurement, and assessment of environmental noise\u2014Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures","author":"ISO 1996-1","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023073102181100300_c7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/026309238700600402","article-title":"Motion sickness symptoms and postural changes following flights in motion-based flight trainers","volume":"6","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Low Freq. Noise Vib."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c8","unstructured":"McGrath, E. F. (2003). \u201cModeling and monitoring of otolith organ performance in U.S. Navy operating environments. Chapter 2: A simplified mathematical model to predict otolith membrane displacement,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023073102181100300_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3543957","article-title":"Low-frequency noise from large wind turbines","volume":"129","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c10","unstructured":"Montavit (2014). \u201cMotion sickness,\u201d http:\/\/www.montavit.com\/en\/areas-therapy\/motion-sickness (Last viewed 9\/29\/2014)."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c11","unstructured":"National Health Service (2014). \u201cMotion sickness\u2014NHS choices,\u201d http:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/Motion-sickness\/Pages\/Introduction.aspx (Last viewed 9\/29\/2014)."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c12","unstructured":"Obrist, D. (2011). Fluid Mechanics of the Inner Ear, Habilitation Treatise in Fluid Mechanics at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering of ETH Zurich, Zurich, Chaps. 1, 20\u201322, available at http:\/\/e-collection.library.ethz.ch\/eserv\/eth:5720\/eth-5720-01.pdf (Last viewed 9\/29\/2014)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023073102181100300_c13","first-page":"20","article-title":"Effects of motion at sea on crew performance: A survey","volume":"39","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023073102181100300_c14","first-page":"145","article-title":"Subjective response patterns related to low-frequency noise","volume":"6","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Low-Freq. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023073102181100300_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.07.008","article-title":"Attachment of the utricular and saccular maculae to the temporal bone","volume":"233","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. 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