{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:18:59Z","timestamp":1762928339280},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An acoustical transmission line model of the middle-ear cavities and mastoid air cell system (MACS) was constructed for the adult human middle ear with normal function. The air-filled cavities comprised the tympanic cavity, aditus, antrum, and MACS. A binary symmetrical airway branching model of the MACS was constructed using an optimization procedure to match the average total volume and surface area of human temporal bones. The acoustical input impedance of the MACS was calculated using a recursive procedure, and used to predict the input impedance of the middle-ear cavities at the location of the tympanic membrane. The model also calculated the ratio of the acoustical pressure in the antrum to the pressure in the middle-ear cavities at the location of the tympanic membrane. The predicted responses were sensitive to the magnitude of the viscothermal losses within the MACS. These predicted input impedance and pressure ratio functions explained the presence of multiple resonances reported in published data, which were not explained by existing MACS models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4916200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:30:20Z","timestamp":1430181020000},"page":"1877-1887","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Acoustical transmission-line model of the middle-ear cavities and mastoid air cells"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital , 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080200395565900_c1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic otitis media-local morphological predisposing factors","volume-title":"Chronic Otitis Media: Pathogenesis-Oriented Therapeutic Management","author":"Ars","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Insights in the physiology of the human mastoid: Message to the surgeon","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1911130","article-title":"On the propagation of sound waves in a cylindrical conduit","volume":"44","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.11.004","article-title":"The mastoid as a functional rate-limiter of middle ear pressure change","volume":"71","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01096.x","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of atalectasis formation in middle ears with sealed ventilation tubes","volume":"177","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2005.07.018","article-title":"Acoustic-structural coupled finite element analysis for sound transmission in human ear-pressure distributions","volume":"28","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c7","first-page":"145","article-title":"New knowledge about the function of the human middle ear: Development of an improved analog model","volume":"15","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381064","article-title":"Input acoustic-impedance measurement of the subglottal system","volume":"60","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1121\/1.390300","article-title":"Acoustical wave propagation in cylindrical ducts: Transmission line parameter approximations for isothermal and nonisothermal boundary conditions","volume":"75","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1451073","article-title":"Modeling of the human middle ear using the finite-element method","volume":"111","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398809070695","article-title":"Network model for the human middle ear","volume":"17","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand. Audiol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c12","first-page":"239","article-title":"Transmission matrices in electroacoustics","volume":"39","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acustica"},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/203037","article-title":"Computer aided modeling of human mastoid cavity biomechanics using finite element analysis","volume":"2010","year":"2010","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Proc."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503762624512","article-title":"Functions of the mastoid cell system: Auto-regulation of temperature and gas pressure","volume":"117","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c15","first-page":"156","volume-title":"The Fractal Geometry of Nature","year":"1983"},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487809121419","article-title":"The size of the middle ear and the mastoid air cell: System measured by an acoustic method","volume":"85","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Oto-laryngol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.12.3.207","article-title":"The physiological principle of minimum work. I. The vascular system and the cost of blood volume","volume":"12","year":"1926","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908801","article-title":"Mechanism of the middle ear","volume":"33","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215001904969","article-title":"Measurement of surface area in human mastoid air cell system","volume":"114","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c20","first-page":"881","volume-title":"Textbook of Anatomy with Colour Atlas","year":"2007","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1974730","article-title":"Acoustics of the human middle-ear air space","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2005947","article-title":"Comparison of an analytic horn equation approach and a boundary element method for the calculation of sound fields in the human ear canal","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215110002811","article-title":"Surface area-volume relationships for the mastoid air cell system in adult humans","volume":"125","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c24","first-page":"361","article-title":"An electrical analogue of the trachea, lungs and tissues","volume":"9","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Neerl."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20784","article-title":"A morphogenetic model of cranial pneumatization based on the invasive tissue hypothesis","volume":"291","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2023080200395565900_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918382","article-title":"Analysis of middle ear function. Part I: Input impedance","volume":"34","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/137\/4\/1877\/15313138\/1877_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/137\/4\/1877\/15313138\/1877_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:40:07Z","timestamp":1690936807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/137\/4\/1877\/939799\/Acoustical-transmission-line-model-of-the-middle"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4916200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}}}