{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:50:49Z","timestamp":1789879849508,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Procedures are described to measure acoustic reflectance and admittance in human adult and infant ears at frequencies from 0.2 to 8\u2009kHz. Transfer functions were measured at ambient pressure in the ear canal, and as down- or up-swept tympanograms. Acoustically estimated ear-canal area was used to calculate ear reflectance, which was parameterized by absorbance and group delay over all frequencies (and pressures), with substantial data reduction for tympanograms. Admittance measured at the probe tip in adults was transformed into an equivalent admittance at the eardrum using a transmission-line model for an ear canal with specified area and ear-canal length. Ear-canal length was estimated from group delay around the frequency above 2 kHz of minimum absorbance. Illustrative measurements in ears with normal function are described for an adult, and two infants at 1 month of age with normal hearing and a conductive hearing loss. The sensitivity of this equivalent eardrum admittance was calculated for varying estimates of area and length. Infant-ear patterns of absorbance peaks aligned in frequency with dips in group delay were explained by a model of resonant canal-wall mobility. Procedures will be applied in a large study of wideband clinical diagnosis and monitoring of middle-ear and cochlear function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4936946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1450288831000},"page":"3625-3653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Procedures for ambient-pressure and tympanometric tests of aural acoustic reflectance and admittance in human infants and adults"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital , 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Patrick","family":"Feeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research , VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis F.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital , 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071801554989600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1911130","article-title":"On the propagation of sound waves in a cylindrical conduit","volume":"44","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071801554989600_c2","first-page":"79","article-title":"On plane and spherical waves in horns with non-uniform flare. I. 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