{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T21:38:01Z","timestamp":1772055481513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High intensity underwater sounds may cause temporary hearing threshold shifts (TTSs) in harbor porpoises, the magnitude of which may depend on the exposure duration. After exposure to playbacks of pile driving sounds, TTSs in two porpoises were quantified at 4 and 8\u2009kHz with a psychophysical technique. At 8\u2009kHz, the pile driving sounds caused the highest TTS. Pile driving sounds had the following: pulse duration 124\u2009ms, rate 2760 strikes\/h, inter-pulse interval 1.3\u2009s, duty cycle \u223c9.5%, average received single-strike unweighted broadband sound exposure level (SELss) 145\u2009dB re 1\u2009\u03bcPa2s, exposure duration range 15-360\u2009min (cumulative SEL range: 173\u2013187\u2009dB re 1\u2009\u03bcPa2s). Control sessions were also carried out. Mean TTS (1\u20134\u2009min after sound exposure stopped in one porpoise, and 12\u201316\u2009min in the other animal) increased from 0\u2009dB after 15\u2009min exposure to 5\u2009dB after 360\u2009min exposure. Recovery occurred within 60\u2009min post-exposure. For the signal duration, sound pressure level (SPL), and duty cycle used, the TTS onset SELcum is estimated to be around 175\u2009dB re 1\u2009\u03bcPa2s. The small increase in TTS between 15 and 360\u2009min exposures is due to the small amount of sound energy per unit of time to which the porpoises were exposed [average (over time) broadband SPL \u223c144\u2009dB re 1\u2009\u03bcPa].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4948571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1463504428000},"page":"2842-2851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pile driving playback sounds and temporary threshold shift in harbor porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena<\/i>): Effect of exposure duration"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Kastelein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Company , Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lean","family":"Helder-Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Company , Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Covi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Company , Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Gransier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Company , Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072805065264000_c1","volume-title":"Acoustical Terminology","author":"ANSI","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023072805065264000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08888","article-title":"Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea","volume":"421","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. 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