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The results showed that increasing the vertical stiffness gradient would increase the peak flow rate and sound intensity and decrease the open quotient and threshold pressure. The effect was found to be more prominent at low subglottal pressures. The underlying mechanism might be that the reduced stiffness at the superior aspect of the vocal fold would allow a larger lateral displacement and result in a larger vibration. Increasing the vertical stiffness gradient was also found to increase the vertical phase difference and glottal divergent angle during the vocal fold vibration. Meanwhile, increasing the vertical stiffness variation only slightly increased the mean flow rate, which is important to maintaining the speech time between breaths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4964508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1482933295000},"page":"2856-2866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effect of vocal fold vertical stiffness variation on voice production"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Biao","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maine Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Orono, Maine 04473, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maine Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Orono, Maine 04473, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maine Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Orono, Maine 04473, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2023080105245825800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1324678","article-title":"A finite-element model of vocal fold vibration","volume":"108","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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