{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:47:14Z","timestamp":1771634834691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brainstem frequency-following responses (FFR) were elicited to the speech token \/ama\/ in noise containing only envelope (ENV) or fine structure (TFS) cues to assess the relative contribution of these temporal features to the neural encoding of degraded speech. Successive cue removal weakened FFRs with noise having the most deleterious effect on TFS coding. Neuro-acoustic and response-to-response correlations revealed speech-FFRs are dominated by stimulus ENV for clean speech, with TFS making a stronger contribution in moderate noise levels. Results suggest that the relative weighting of temporal ENV and TFS cues to the neural transcription of speech depends critically on the degree of noise in the soundscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4965248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T13:00:25Z","timestamp":1476795625000},"page":"EL358-EL363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Relative contribution of envelope and fine structure to the subcortical encoding of noise-degraded speech"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Gavin M.","family":"Bidelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, , Memphis, Tennessee 38152, g.bidelman@memphis.edu","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091816171695900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5234.303","article-title":"Speech recognition with primarily temporal cues","volume":"270","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/416087a","article-title":"Chimaeric sounds reveal dichotomies in auditory perception","volume":"416","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1777938","article-title":"On the dichotomy in auditory perception between temporal envelope and fine structure cues","volume":"116","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4493-11.2012","article-title":"Psychophysiological analyses demonstrate the importance of neural envelope coding for speech perception in noise","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398598","article-title":"What's in a whisper?","volume":"86","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906346","article-title":"Effects of differentiation, integration and infinite peak clipping upon the intelligibility of speech","volume":"20","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7233191","article-title":"Speech perception without traditional speech cues","volume":"212","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607364103","article-title":"Speech perception problems of the hearing impaired reflect inability to use temporal fine structure","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3585848","article-title":"The effects of age and cochlear hearing loss on temporal fine structure sensitivity, frequency selectivity, and speech reception in noise","volume":"130","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000179689.79868.06","article-title":"Effects of envelope-vocoder processing on F0 discrimination and concurrent-vowel identification","volume":"26","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-010-0223-6","article-title":"Envelope coding in auditory nerve fibers following noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Oto."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3216","article-title":"Diminished temporal coding with sensorineural hearing loss emerges in background noise","volume":"15","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.01.011","article-title":"Multichannel recordings of the human brainstem frequency-following response: Scalp topography, source generators, and distinctions from the transient ABR","volume":"323","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp024","article-title":"Reading and subcortical auditory function","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c15","article-title":"Communicating in challenging environments: Noise and reverberation","volume-title":"Springer Handbook of Auditory Research: The Frequency-Following Response: A Window into Human Communication","author":"Kraus"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.07.100","article-title":"Effects of reverberation on brainstem representation of speech in musicians and non-musicians","volume":"1355","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.020","article-title":"Functional changes in inter- and intra-hemispheric auditory cortical processing underlying degraded speech perception","volume":"124","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0070","article-title":"Temporal information in speech: Acoustic, auditory, and linguistic aspects","volume":"336","year":"1992","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182280353","article-title":"Methods to eliminate stimulus transduction artifact from insert earphones during electroencephalography","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.006","article-title":"Age-related changes in the subcortical-cortical encoding and categorical perception of speech","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00497.2005","article-title":"Phase-locked responses to pure tones in the inferior colliculus","volume":"95","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.05.009","article-title":"Objective measurement of physiological signal-to-noise gain in the brainstem response to a synthetic vowel","volume":"124","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.06.009","article-title":"Auditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise","volume":"328","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399772","article-title":"Modeling the perception of concurrent vowels: Vowels with different fundamental frequencies","volume":"88","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1802671","article-title":"Formant discrimination in noise for isolated vowels","volume":"116","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4799804","article-title":"Effects of hearing loss on the subcortical representation of speech cues","volume":"133","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025091816171695900_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.12.020","article-title":"Hierarchical neurocomputations underlying concurrent sound segregation: Connecting periphery to percept","volume":"68","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/140\/4\/EL358\/13695098\/el358_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/140\/4\/EL358\/20706298\/el358_1_1.4965248.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/140\/4\/EL358\/20706298\/el358_1_1.4965248.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T20:17:21Z","timestamp":1758226641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/140\/4\/EL358\/922564\/Relative-contribution-of-envelope-and-fine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4965248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}