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Vibration from railway freight often accompanies airborne noise, yet is almost totally absent in the existing literature. In an experimental investigation, 23 participants, each sleeping for six nights in the laboratory, were exposed to 36 simulated railway freight pass-bys per night with vibration alone (aWd,max\u2009=\u20090.0204\u2009ms\u22122), noise alone (LAF,max\u2009=\u200949.8\u2009dB), or both vibration and noise simultaneously. A fourth exposure night involved 52 pass-bys with concurrent vibration and noise. Sleep was measured with polysomnography. Cardiac activity was measured with electrocardiography. The probability of cortical arousals or awakenings was greater following all exposures, including vibration alone, than spontaneous reaction probability (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The effects of vibration exposure and noise exposure on changes of sleep stage and arousals were directly additive. Vibration and noise exposure both induced heart rate acceleration above spontaneously expected fluctuations at baseline. The results indicate that vibration and noise are processed in the brain separately yet in parallel, with both contributing towards the likelihood of sleep disruption. The findings show that vibration is of importance when considering the impact of railway freight on sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4983302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T10:10:17Z","timestamp":1494929417000},"page":"3262-3269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Physiological effects of railway vibration and noise on sleep"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, , Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Croy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden 2 Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, , Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"\u00d6gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, , Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, , Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University 3 Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, , Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Persson Waye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, , Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2023071700270958000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060216","article-title":"Is sleep essential?","volume":"6","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"45","key":"2023071700270958000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht269","article-title":"Effect of nighttime aircraft noise exposure on endothelial function and stress hormone release in healthy adults","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. 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