{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:48:41Z","timestamp":1778766521581,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Motivated by the source-filter model of speech production, analysis of emotional speech based on the inverse-filtering method has been extensively conducted. The relative contribution of the glottal source and vocal tract cues to perception of emotions in speech is still unclear, especially after removing the effects of the known dominant factors (e.g., F0, intensity, and duration). In this present study, the glottal source and vocal tract parameters were estimated in a simultaneous manner, modified in a controlled way and then used for resynthesizing emotional Japanese vowels by applying a recently developed analysis-by-synthesis method. The resynthesized emotional vowels were presented to native Japanese listeners with normal hearing for perceptually rating emotions in valence and arousal dimensions. Results showed that glottal source information played a dominant role in perception of emotions in vowels, while vocal tract information contributed to valence and arousal perceptions after neutralizing the effects of F0, intensity, and duration cues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5051323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T17:40:31Z","timestamp":1534959631000},"page":"908-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Contributions of the glottal source and vocal tract cues to emotional vowel perception in the valence-arousal space"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1 , 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1 , 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023080222340897400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000091405","article-title":"Emotions in vowel segments of continuous speech: Analysis of the glottal flow using the normalised amplitude quotient","volume":"63","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080222340897400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-011-0041-5","article-title":"Glottal inverse filtering analysis of human voice production-a review of estimation and parameterization methods of the glottal excitation and their applications","volume":"36","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080222340897400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00077-8","article-title":"Can we hear the prosody of smile?","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023080222340897400_c4","first-page":"525","article-title":"The prosodic dimensions of emotion in speech: The relative weights of parameters","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023080222340897400_c5","first-page":"525","article-title":"Expressive speech synthesis: Evaluation of a voice quality centered coder on the different acoustic dimensions","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080222340897400_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2005.02.016","article-title":"The role of intonation in emotional expressions","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080222340897400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2909562","article-title":"On the robustness of overall F0-only modifications to the perception of emotions in speech","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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