{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:23:18Z","timestamp":1790792598743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003343","name":"Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007196","name":"Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"City of Amsterdam"},{"name":"Province of Noord-Holland"},{"name":"Municipality of Haarlemmermeer"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research shows that the sight of trees and the sound of moving water improve the soundscape quality of outdoor spaces exposed to road traffic noise. Effects are attributed to non-energetic masking, visual attentional distortion, and congruence between sight and hearing. However, there is no literature on such effects for aircraft noise. Aircraft noise varies from other traffic sources, i.e., in terms temporal variability, duration, and spectral composition, complicating the application of findings without further research. In a virtual reality experiment reported in this article, participants were asked to rate scenarios with different sound levels of flyovers, urban typologies, vegetation, and\/ or water features. The results showed a significant improvement of the soundscape quality when (1) vegetation and (2) moving water were present, and especially when (3) vegetation and moving water were presented simultaneously, especially for residential areas in terms of the relative change. Moving water also reduced the saliency of aircraft flyovers significantly, changing the constellation of fore- and background sounds. Moving water raised the perceived audibility of the most dominant sound source too, which could be attributed to non-energetic masking effects. The findings of this study indicate that soundscape strategies can complement noise abatement in areas prone to aircraft noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5079310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T18:08:33Z","timestamp":1542823713000},"page":"2906-2917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Improving the soundscape quality of urban areas exposed to aircraft noise by adding moving water and vegetation"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Martijn","family":"Lugten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, University of Cambridge 1 , 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge CB2 1PX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Karacaoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR) 2 , Anthony Fokkerweg 9, Amsterdam 1059\u2009CM, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3 , van der Boechorstraat 1, Amsterdam 1081BT, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London 4 , Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Steemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, University of Cambridge 1 , 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge CB2 1PX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071904354196600_c1","article-title":"Virtual reality aircraft noise simulation for community engagement","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10041439","article-title":"How pleasant sounds promote and annoying sounds impede health: A cognitive approach","volume":"10","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c3","unstructured":"Arntzen, M. (2014). \u201cAircraft noise calculation and synthesis in a non-standard atmosphere,\u201d TU Delft, Delft, the Netherlands."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3493436","article-title":"A principal components model of soundscape perception","volume":"128","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.12.005","article-title":"A field experiment on the impact of sounds from a jet-and-basin fountain on soundscape quality in an urban park","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.07.012","article-title":"Annoyance due to aircraft noise has increased over the years-Results of the HYENA study","volume":"35","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.064","article-title":"The influence of acoustical and non-acoustical factors on short-term annoyance due to aircraft noise in the field\u2014The COSMA study","volume":"538","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.918264","article-title":"The potential of natural sounds to mask wind turbine noise","volume":"96","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Acust. united Ac."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(98)00112-1","article-title":"Sound influence on landscape values","volume":"43","year":"1999","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c10","article-title":"A model of saliency-based auditory attention to environmental sound","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL148","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3567073","article-title":"Effects of natural sounds on the perception of road traffic noise","volume":"129","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c12","unstructured":"Donavan, P. R. (1973). \u201cModel study of the propagation of sound from V\/STOL aircraft into urban environments,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2335426","article-title":"Auditory masking: Need for improved conceptual structure","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1570435","article-title":"Note on informational masking","volume":"113","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c15","first-page":"6810","article-title":"The relative importance of visual and sound design in the rehabilitation of a bridge connecting a highly populated area and a park","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.05.018","article-title":"Using virtual reality for assessing the role of noise in the audio-visual design of an urban public space","volume":"167","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.11.033","article-title":"The effect of street canyon design on traffic noise exposure along roads","volume":"97","year":"2016","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c18","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis of Contingency Tables","year":"1974","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.005488","article-title":"Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use","volume":"61","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c20","article-title":"Exploring the impact of visual aesthetics on the soundscape","year":"1999"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4770242","article-title":"Acoustical and perceptual assessment of water sounds and their use over road traffic noise","volume":"133","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.03.003","article-title":"Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas","volume":"83","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7093359","article-title":"Attractive \u2018quiet\u2019 courtyards: A potential modifier of urban residents' responses to road traffic noise?","volume":"7","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c24","first-page":"45","article-title":"Personal and social variables as co-determinants of noise annoyance","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Noise Heal."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003282","article-title":"Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in school children","volume":"31","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4817924","article-title":"Designing sound and visual components for enhancement of urban soundscapes","volume":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c27","unstructured":"ICAO (2013). \u201cICAO Environmental Report 2013,\u201d ICAO Environmental Report 2013, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.icao.int\/environmental-protection\/Pages\/EnvReport13.aspx (Last viewed 18 August 2018)."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1260\/135101002320815693","article-title":"The effect of the urban street canyon on the noise from low flying aircraft","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Build. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3298437","article-title":"Perceptual assessment of quality of urban soundscapes with combined noise sources and water sounds","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3681938","article-title":"Acoustical characteristics of water sounds for soundscape enhancement in urban open spaces","volume":"131","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2916589","article-title":"Testing a theory of aircraft noise annoyance: A structural equation analysis","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3514542","article-title":"A measurement model for general noise reaction in response to aircraft noise","volume":"129","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-460X(76)90500-9","article-title":"Noise nuisance caused by road traffic in residential areas: Part III","volume":"49","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c34","article-title":"Perception and presence in virtual reality for simulated aircraft noise","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4979336","article-title":"The effects of neighborhood views containing multiple environmental features on road traffic noise perception at dwellings","volume":"141","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.06.025","article-title":"Can surrounding greenery reduce noise annoyance at home?","volume":"408","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.12.025","article-title":"The influence of visual characteristics of barriers on railway noise perception","volume":"445\u2013446","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2535507","article-title":"Noise within the social context: Annoyance reduction through fair procedures","volume":"121","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c39","first-page":"3910","article-title":"Effects of combination of water sounds and visual elements on the traffic noise mitigation in urban green parks","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-682X(98)00023-1","article-title":"Accurate barrier modeling in the presence of atmospheric effects","volume":"56","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2012.03.010","article-title":"Contemporary measures for noise reduction in airport surroundings","volume":"73","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4807798","article-title":"A computational model of auditory attention for use in soundscape research","volume":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.918605","article-title":"Effects of sounds from water on perception of acoustic environments dominated by road-traffic noise","volume":"99","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Acust. united Ac."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4934956","article-title":"Similarity and pleasantness assessments of water-fountain sounds recorded in urban public spaces","volume":"138","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2013.01.007","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality and environmental noise assessment: An innovative audio-visual approach","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c46","article-title":"A comparison of soundscape evaluation methods in a large urban park in Montreal","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2018.03.007","article-title":"Towards explaining the positive effect of vegetation on the perception of environmental noise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.12.018","article-title":"View on outdoor vegetation reduces noise annoyance for dwellers near busy roads","volume":"148","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-682X(01)00053-6","article-title":"Influence of visual setting on sound ratings in an urban environment","volume":"63","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c50","first-page":"267","article-title":"Uncertainty, informational masking, and the capacity of immediate auditory memory","volume-title":"Auditory Processing of Complex Sounds","author":"Getty","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c51","first-page":"502","article-title":"Some comments on informational masking","volume":"91","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Acust. united Ac."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-682X(98)00019-X","article-title":"The effects of vegetation on the perception of traffic noise","volume":"56","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.918235","article-title":"Measurement and subjective assessment of water generated sounds","volume":"95","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Acust. united Ac."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c54","first-page":"317","article-title":"Repeated measures analyses: ANOVA, MANOVA and HLM","volume-title":"Reading and Understanding MORE Multivariate Statistics","author":"Grimm","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2017.04.008","article-title":"Noise annoyance caused by continuous descent approaches compared to regular descent procedures","volume":"125","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c56","unstructured":"World Medical Organization (2013). \u201cThe Declaration of Helsinki,\u201d Bulleting of the World Health Organization, https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/1760318 (Last viewed 18 August 2018)."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c57","unstructured":"Yarnold, P. (2015). \u201cUniODA vs Bowker's Test for Symmertry: Region of residence and time,\u201d Optim. Data Anal., http:\/\/optimalprediction.com\/files\/pdf\/V4A9.pdf (Last viewed September 25, 2018)."},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c58","volume-title":"Aircraft Noise: Assessment, Prediction and Control","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023071904354196600_c59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2007.10.002","article-title":"The role of task interference and exposure duration in judging noise annoyance","volume":"311","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/144\/5\/2906\/13264424\/2906_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/144\/5\/2906\/13264424\/2906_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T13:54:03Z","timestamp":1689774843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/144\/5\/2906\/646269\/Improving-the-soundscape-quality-of-urban-areas"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.5079310","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}