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Acoustic measurements included fundamental frequency (fo), first formant frequency (F1), second formant frequency (F2), first subglottal resonance (FSg1), and peak-to-peak amplitude ratio (Pvt:Psg). Physiological measurements included posterior tongue height (D1), tongue dorsum height (D2), tongue tip height (D3), tongue length (D4), oral cavity width (D5), hyoid elevation (D6), pharynx width (D7). All measurements were made on eight boys and ten girls (6\u20139 years) during sustained \/o:\/ production at typical pitch and loudness, with and without flow-resistant tube. Phonation with the flow-resistant tube resulted in a significant decrease in F1, F2, and Pvt:Psg and a significant increase in D2, D3, and FSg1. A statistically significant gender effect was observed for D1, with D1 higher in boys. These findings agree well with reported findings from adults, suggesting common acoustic and articulatory mechanisms for narrow flow-resistant tube phonation. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5116681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T14:25:14Z","timestamp":1563891914000},"page":"352-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vocal tract shape and acoustic adjustments of children during phonation into narrow flow-resistant tubes"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University , 200 South Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Lulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University , 200 South Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Verdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University , 200 South Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7002, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023080509503406300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2015.02.004","article-title":"The flow and pressure relationships in different tubes commonly used for semi-occluded vocal tract exercises","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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