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In contrast, a glottal insufficiency (GI) represents an oscillation without glottis closure resulting in a breathy and weak voice. In this study, flow-induced oscillations of silicone vocal folds were modeled with and without glottis closure. The measurements comprised the flow pressure in the model, the generated sound, and the high-speed footage of the vocal fold motion. The analysis revealed that the sound signal for vocal fold oscillations without closure exhibits a lower number of harmonic tones with smaller amplitudes compared to the case with complete closure. The time series of the pressure signals showed small and periodical oscillations occurring less frequently and with smaller amplitude for the GI case. Accordingly, the pressure spectra include fewer harmonics similar to the sound. The analysis of the high-speed videos indicates that the strength of the pressure oscillations correlates with the divergence angle of the glottal duct during the closing motion. Physiologically, large divergence angles typically occur for a pronounced mucosal wave motion with glottis closure. Thus, the results indicate a correlation between the intensity of the mucosal wave and the development of harmonic tones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T13:48:08Z","timestamp":1588859288000},"page":"3285-3293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Analysis of the tonal sound generation during phonation with and without glottis closure"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kniesburges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lodermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 2 , Cauerstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Semmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne Katrin","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sch\u00fctzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 2 , Cauerstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080508402433400_c1","volume-title":"The Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023080508402433400_c2","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2023080508402433400_c3","article-title":"Acoustic phonetics","volume-title":"Current Studies in Linguistics","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023080508402433400_c4","volume-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production","year":"1960"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080508402433400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2832337","article-title":"Nonlinear source-filter coupling in phonation: Theory","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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