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Sound effect studies on humans and other terrestrial mammals suggest that in addition to these metrics, the impulsiveness of sound (often quantified by its kurtosis \u03b2) is also related to the risk of hearing impairment. Kurtosis is often used to distinguish between ambient noise and transients, such as echolocation clicks and dolphin whistles. A lack of standardization of the integration interval leads to ambiguous kurtosis values, especially for transient signals. In the current research, kurtosis is applied to transient signals typical for high-power underwater noise. For integration time (t2\u2212t1), the quantity (t2\u2212t1)\/\u03b2 is shown to be a robust measure of signal duration, closely related to the effective signal duration, \u03c4eff for sounds from airguns, pile driving, and explosions. This research provides practical formulas for kurtosis of impulsive sounds and compares kurtosis between measurements of transient sounds from different sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T12:51:20Z","timestamp":1597323080000},"page":"780-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Application of kurtosis to underwater sound"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5055-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roel A. 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