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Although the ventricular folds do not vibrate under normal vocalizations, they vibrate under certain conditions, e.g., throat singing or ventricular fold dysphonia. In throat singing, the ventricular folds vibrate at the same frequency as (or at integer ratios of) the vocal fold vibration frequency. In ventricular fold dysphonia, on the other hand, the ventricular folds interfere with the vocal folds, giving rise to a hoarse voice. In the present study, the synthetic larynx model was utilized to examine the vocal\u2013ventricular fold oscillations. Our experiments revealed that the vocal and ventricular folds can co-oscillate at the same frequency with an out-of-phase relation. Compared to the control condition, under which no ventricular folds exist, the phonation threshold pressure was increased in the presence of the ventricular folds. Acoustic analysis indicated that jitter was reduced and vocal efficiency was increased by the ventricular folds. Distance between the vocal and ventricular folds did not alter these oscillation properties. A computational model was further simulated to elucidate the mechanism underlying the observed vocal\u2013ventricular fold oscillations. It has been suggested that out-of-phase oscillations of the vocal and ventricular folds are important for sustaining periodic laryngeal vibrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0003211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T02:45:47Z","timestamp":1610419547000},"page":"271-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Experimental study of vocal\u2013ventricular fold oscillations in voice production"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University , Noji\u2013higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525\u20138577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuka","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University , Noji\u2013higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525\u20138577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Ishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University , Noji\u2013higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525\u20138577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao T.","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University , Noji\u2013higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525\u20138577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071706512080800_c1","unstructured":"Agarwal, M. 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