{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:01:40Z","timestamp":1779170500044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002607","name":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019 New Century Scholars Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 New Century Scholars Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Campus Research Board Awards, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","award":["RB20006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RB20006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Voice disorders can reduce the speech intelligibility of affected speakers. This study evaluated the effect of noise, voice disorders, and room acoustics on vowel intelligibility, listening easiness, and the listener's reaction time. Three adult females with dysphonia and three adult females with normal voice quality recorded a series of nine vowels of American English in \/h\/-V-\/d\/ format (e.g., \u201chad\u201d). The recordings were convolved with two oral-binaural impulse responses acquired from measurements in two classrooms with 0.4 and 3.1\u2009s of reverberation time, respectively. The stimuli were presented in a forced-choice format to 29 college students. The intelligibility and the listening easiness were significantly higher in quiet than in noisy conditions, when the speakers had normal voice quality compared to a dysphonic voice, and in low reverberated environments compared to high reverberated environments. The response time of the listener was significantly longer for speech presented in noisy conditions compared to quiet conditions and when the voice was dysphonic compared with healthy voice quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0006741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T14:36:11Z","timestamp":1635172571000},"page":"2912-2920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intelligibility of dysphonic speech in auralized classrooms"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Bottalico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois 1 , Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Murgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois 1 , Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina Emma","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino 2 , Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Astolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino 2 , Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois 1 , Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080421112071800_c2","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2021). \u201cVoice disorders (practice portal),\u201d www.asha.org\/Practice-Portal\/Clinical-Topics\/Voice-Disorders\/ (Last viewed July 28, 2021)."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c1","volume-title":"American National Standard Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools","author":"ANSI","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3662060","article-title":"Subjective and objective speech intelligibility investigations in primary school classrooms","volume":"131","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.807","article-title":"Analyzing reaction times","volume":"3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023080421112071800_c6","first-page":"341","article-title":"Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot. Int."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427932","article-title":"On the combined effects of signal-to-noise ratio and room acoustics on speech intelligibility","volume":"106","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2839285","article-title":"The intelligibility of speech in elementary school classrooms","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(96)00063-5","article-title":"Intelligibility of normal speech I: Global and fine-grained acoustic-phonetic talker characteristics","volume":"20","year":"1996","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2019.107089","article-title":"Evaluation of acoustical conditions for speech communication in active university classrooms","volume":"159","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c11","first-page":"853","article-title":"The contribution of consonants versus vowels to word recognition in fluent speech","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.3104.362","article-title":"Classroom acoustics for children with normal hearing and with hearing impairment","volume":"31","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lang. Speech. Hear. Ser."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-14-0183","article-title":"The impact of dysphonic voices on healthy listeners: Listener reaction times, speech intelligibility, and listener comprehension","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Speech Lang. Pathol."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3159302","article-title":"Perceptual contributions of the consonant-vowel boundary to sentence intelligibility","volume":"126","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910013","article-title":"Measurements of reaction time in intelligibility tests","volume":"39","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1044\/cicsd_39_F_69","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of voice disorders in a sample of university teaching faculty","volume":"39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp. Issues Commun. Sci. Disorders"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1121\/1.411872","article-title":"Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels","volume":"97","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous inference in general parametric models","volume":"50","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-682X(81)90040-2","article-title":"The effect of ambient noise on speech intelligibility in classrooms","volume":"14","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0012","article-title":"The effect of background noise on intelligibility of dysphonic speech","volume":"60","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2019.12.022","article-title":"Perception and acoustic studies of vowel intelligibility in dysphonic speech","volume":"35","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c20","volume-title":"ISO 9921: Ergonomics\u2014Assessment of Speech Communication","author":"ISO","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000263069","article-title":"Approach to the objective diagnosis of hoarseness","volume":"18","year":"1966","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr. Logop."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2773986","article-title":"Contribution of consonant versus vowel information to sentence intelligibility for young normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c25","first-page":"35","article-title":"The effect of the speaker gender on speech intelligibility in normal-hearing subjects with simulated high frequency hearing loss","volume":"125","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Laryngol. Otol. Rhinol."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c26","volume-title":"Statistics Using Technology","year":"2015","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2017.07.005","article-title":"Risk factors for voice disorders in university professors in Cyprus","volume":"32","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2010.08.014","article-title":"Non-native speech perception in adverse conditions: A review","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01171","article-title":"To transform or not to transform: Using generalized linear mixed models to analyse reaction time data","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00871","article-title":"On the interaction of speakers' voice quality, ambient noise and task complexity with children's listening comprehension and cognition","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.04.007","article-title":"Multiparametric evaluation of dysphonic severity","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/01690965.2012.705006","article-title":"Speech recognition in adverse conditions: A review","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Process."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1775276","article-title":"Listening difficulty as a subjective measure for evaluation of speech transmission performance in public spaces","volume":"116","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2019.03.013","article-title":"Effect of dysphonia and cognitive-perceptual listener strategies on speech intelligibility","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/03005368109081445","article-title":"On the use of reaction time as a measure of intelligibility","volume":"15","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brit. J. Audiol."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3436563","article-title":"Intelligibility, listening difficulty and listening efficiency in auralized classrooms","volume":"128","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4770259","article-title":"On the perception of speech in primary school classrooms: Ranking of noise interference and of age influence","volume":"133","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/023)","article-title":"Prevalence of voice disorders in teachers and the general population","volume":"47","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c39","first-page":"407","article-title":"Reaction time","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Gerontology","author":"Birren","year":"2007","edition":"ed., edited by"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1849936","article-title":"Using listening difficulty ratings of conditions for speech communication in rooms","volume":"117","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080421112071800_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4714790","article-title":"Relationship between listening difficulty rating and objective measures in reverberant and noisy sound fields for young adults and elderly persons","volume":"131","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1121\/1.421726","article-title":"Relationship between speech transmission index and easiness of speech perception in reverberatory fields","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00348","article-title":"Noise and a speaker's impaired voice quality disrupt spoken language processing in school-aged children: Evidence from performance and response time measures","volume":"63","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-0940-3","article-title":"Simple reaction time to the onset of time-varying sounds","volume":"77","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0418","article-title":"A matrixed speech-in-noise test to discriminate favorable listening conditions by means of intelligibility and response time results","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395630","article-title":"Effective analysis of reaction time data","volume":"58","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Rec."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2018.01.003","article-title":"An investigation of speech intelligibility for second language students in classrooms","volume":"134","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3058900","article-title":"Effects of room acoustics on the intelligibility of speech in classrooms for young children","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080421112071800_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2010\/09-0105)","article-title":"Establishing validity of the consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice (CAPE-V)","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Speech Lang. Pathol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/150\/4\/2912\/15352729\/2912_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/150\/4\/2912\/15352729\/2912_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T21:11:49Z","timestamp":1691183509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/150\/4\/2912\/996037\/Intelligibility-of-dysphonic-speech-in-auralized"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0006741","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}