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The FSAI was captured using a multi-modal approach by measuring the flow and acoustic source fields based on particle image velocimetry, as well as the surface velocity of the vocal folds based on laser vibrometry and high-speed imaging. Strong harmonic sources were localized near the glottis, as well as further downstream, during the presence of the supraglottal jet. The strongest harmonic content of the vocal fold surface motion was verified for the area near the glottis, which directly interacts with the glottal jet flow. Also, the acoustic back-coupling of the formant frequencies onto the harmonic oscillation of the vocal folds was verified. These findings verify that harmonic sound generation is the result of a strong interrelation between the vocal fold motion, modulated flow field, and vocal tract geometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0006974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T12:37:02Z","timestamp":1636461422000},"page":"3485-3499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The mechanisms of harmonic sound generation during phonation: A multi-modal measurement-based approach"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lodermeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Erlangen, 91058, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Erlangen, 91058, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kniesburges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 2 , Erlangen, 91054, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"N\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Erlangen, 91058, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Erlangen, 91058, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"D\u00f6llinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 2 , Erlangen, 91054, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg 1 , Erlangen, 91058, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073109460240600_c1","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2023073109460240600_c2","article-title":"The myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation","volume-title":"The Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023073109460240600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000259453","article-title":"The human vocal cords: A mathematical model part I","volume":"28","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023073109460240600_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396165","article-title":"An aeroacoustic approach to phonation","volume":"83","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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