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To address these gaps, 5- to 7-year-old children's and adults' word identification accuracy with native (Midland American, British, Scottish), nonnative (German-, Mandarin-, Japanese-accented English) and bilingual (Hindi-English) varieties (one talker per accent) was tested in quiet and noise. Talkers' pronunciation distance from the ambient dialect was quantified at the phoneme level using a Levenshtein algorithm adaptation. Whereas performance was worse on all non-ambient dialects than the ambient one, there were only interactions between talker and age (child vs adult or across age for the children) for a subset of talkers, which did not fall along the native\/nonnative divide. Levenshtein distances significantly predicted word recognition accuracy for adults and children in both listening environments with similar impacts in quiet. In noise, children had more difficulty overcoming pronunciations that substantially deviated from ambient dialect norms than adults. Future work should continue investigating how pronunciation distance impacts word recognition accuracy by incorporating distance metrics at other levels of analysis (e.g., phonetic, suprasegmental).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0008930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T12:57:56Z","timestamp":1638536276000},"page":"4103-4117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["How pronunciation distance impacts word recognition in children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Bent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University 1 , Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael F.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University 2 , Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Van Engen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis 3 , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela A.","family":"Jamsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University 2 , Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian J.","family":"Arzbecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University 2 , Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University 2 , Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University 1 , Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023080508272581500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013552","article-title":"Comprehension of familiar and unfamiliar native accents under adverse listening conditions","volume":"35","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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