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Abnormal activity of antagonistic laryngeal muscles is hypothesized to play a key role in the alteration of normal vocal fold biomechanics that results in the dysphonia associated with such disorders. Current low-order models of the vocal folds are unsatisfactory to test this hypothesis since they do not capture the co-contraction of antagonist laryngeal muscle pairs. To address this limitation, a self-sustained triangular body-cover model with full intrinsic muscle control is introduced. The proposed scheme shows good agreement with prior studies using finite element models, excised larynges, and clinical studies in sustained and time-varying vocal gestures. Simulations of vocal fold posturing obtained with distinct antagonistic muscle activation yield clear differences in kinematic, aerodynamic, and acoustic measures. The proposed tool is deemed sufficiently accurate and flexible for future comprehensive investigations of non-phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction and other laryngeal motor control disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0009169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T10:58:59Z","timestamp":1641207539000},"page":"17-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds with coordinated activation of the five intrinsic laryngeal muscles"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Alzamendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Development on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB), CONICET-UNER 1 , Oro Verde, Entre R\u00edos 3100, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo 2 , Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron D.","family":"Erath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University 3 , Potsdam, New York 13699, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital 4 , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Za\u00f1artu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda 5 , Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2023081002542249000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL434","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001276","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of vocal function measures using laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy and glottal airflow estimates: An in vivo case study","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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