{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1782899588307,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H03469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K21322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K21322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infrared laser stimulation has been studied as an alternative approach to auditory prostheses. This study evaluated the feasibility of infrared laser stimulation of the cochlea from the outer ear, bypassing the middle ear function. An optic fiber was inserted into the ear canal, and a laser was used to irradiate the cochlea through the tympanic membrane in Mongolian gerbils. A pulsed infrared laser (6.9 mJ\/cm2) and clicking sound (70 peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level) were presented to the animals. The amplitude of the laser-evoked cochlear response was systematically decreased following insertion of a filter between the tympanic membrane and cochlea; however, the auditory-evoked cochlear response did not decrease. The filter was removed, and the laser-evoked response returned to around the original level. The amplitude ratio and the relative change in response amplitude before and during filter insertion significantly decreased as the absorbance of the infrared filter increased. These results indicate that laser irradiation could bypass the function of the middle ear and directly activate the cochlea. Therefore, laser irradiation from the outer ear is a possible alternative for stimulating the cochlea, circumventing the middle ear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0014241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T07:37:00Z","timestamp":1663832220000},"page":"1850-1855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feasibility evaluation of transtympanic laser stimulation of the cochlea from the outer ear"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Miku","family":"Uenaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Nagamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuko","family":"Hiryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohta I.","family":"Kobayasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University 2 , Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081004180650100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.5.3960","article-title":"Complications of cochlear implant surgery: A public implant centre experience","volume":"37","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak. 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