{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:11:39Z","timestamp":1790651499020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2020-05522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-05522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["38964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["38964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decades, finite-element models of the middle ear have been widely used to predict the middle-ear vibration outputs. Even with the simplest linear assumption for material properties of the structures in the middle ear, these models need tens of parameters. Due to the complexities of measurements of material properties of these structures, accurate estimations of the values of most of these parameters are not possible. In this study, we benefited from the stochastic finite-element model of the middle ear we had developed in the past, to perform global sensitivity analysis. For this aim, we implemented Sobol\u2032 sensitivity analysis which ranks the importance of all uncertain parameters and interactions among them at different frequencies. To decrease the computational costs, we found Sobol\u2032 indices from surrogate models that we created using stochastic finite-element results and the polynomial chaos expansion method. Based on the results, the Young's modulus and thickness of the tympanic membrane, Young's modulus and damping of the stapedial annular ligaments, and the Young's modulus of ossicles are among the parameters with the greatest impacts on vibrations of the umbo and stapes footplate. Furthermore, the most significant interactions happen between the Young's modulus and thickness of the tympanic membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T15:25:34Z","timestamp":1691076334000},"page":"619-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Relative importance and interactions of parameters of finite-element models of human middle ear"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Ebrahimian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Maftoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080315252916600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6591-1","article-title":"Modeling of middle ear mechanics","volume-title":"The Middle Ear: Science, Otosurgery, and Technology","author":"Puria","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023080315252916600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.02.005","article-title":"Measuring the quasi-static Young's modulus of the eardrum using an indentation technique","volume":"263","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hear. 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