{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:45:14Z","timestamp":1767167114984,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"E&P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies of marine mammal temporary threshold shift (TTS) from impulsive sources have typically produced small TTS magnitudes, likely due to much of the energy in tested sources lying below the subjects' range of best hearing. In this study of dolphin TTS, 10-ms impulses centered at 8\u2009kHz were used with the goal of inducing larger magnitudes of TTS and assessing the time course of hearing recovery. Most impulses had sound pressure levels of 175\u2013180\u2009dB re 1 \u03bcPa, while inter-pulse interval (IPI) and total number of impulses were varied. Dolphin TTS increased with increasing cumulative sound exposure level (SEL) and there was no apparent effect of IPI for exposures with equal SEL. The lowest TTS onset was 184\u2009dB re 1 \u03bcPa2s, although early exposures with 20-s IPI and cumulative SEL of 182\u2013183\u2009dB re 1 \u03bcPa2s produced respective TTS of 35 and 16\u2009dB in two dolphins. Continued testing with higher SELs up to 191\u2009dB re 1 \u03bcPa2s in one of those dolphins, however, failed to result in TTS greater than 14\u2009dB. Recovery rates were similar to those from other studies with non-impulsive sources and depended on the magnitude of the initial TTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0020726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T07:24:50Z","timestamp":1693380290000},"page":"1287-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bottlenose dolphin temporary threshold shift following exposure to 10-ms impulses centered at 8\u2009kHz"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Mulsow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Mammal Foundation 1 , 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn E.","family":"Schlundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peraton Corporation 2 , 4045 Hancock Street, Suite 210, San Diego, California 92110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3795-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madelyn G.","family":"Strahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Mammal Foundation 1 , 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0969-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James. J.","family":"Finneran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific Code 56710 3 , 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, California 92152, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083011243732800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2307\/1419876","article-title":"The staircase method in psychophysics","volume":"75","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c2","volume-title":"Final Overseas Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Statement for Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) Sonar","author":"Department of the Navy","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c3","volume-title":"An Integrated Computer-Controlled System for Marine Mammal Auditory Testing","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4927418","article-title":"Noise-induced hearing loss in marine mammals: A review of temporary threshold shift studies from 1996 to 2015","volume":"138","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c5","unstructured":"Finneran, \nJ. J. (2016). \u201c\nAuditory weighting functions and TTS\/PTS exposure functions for marine mammals exposed to underwater noise,\u201d SSC Pacific TR 3026 (\nSSC Pacific, \nSan Diego, CA)."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001033","article-title":"Conditioned attenuation of dolphin monaural and binaural auditory evoked potentials after preferential stimulation of one ear","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3377052","article-title":"Temporary threshold shift in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to intermittent tones","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4809472","article-title":"Testing marine mammal hearing with a vocal response paradigm and the method of free response","volume":"117","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1598194","article-title":"Auditory and behavioral responses of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) to single underwater impulses from an arc-gap transducer","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0016868","article-title":"Dolphin conditioned hearing attenuation in response to repetitive tones with increasing level","volume":"153","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2743158","article-title":"Underwater sound pressure variation and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) hearing thresholds in a small pool","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0019751","article-title":"Dolphins reduce hearing sensitivity in anticipation of repetitive impulsive noise exposures","volume":"153","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4916591","article-title":"Effects of multiple impulses from a seismic air gun on bottlenose dolphin hearing and behavior","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1121\/1.429475","article-title":"Auditory and behavioral responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) to impulsive sounds resembling distant signatures of underwater explosions","volume":"108","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1479150","article-title":"Temporary shift in masked hearing thresholds (MTTS) in odontocetes after exposure to single underwater impulses from a seismic watergun","volume":"111","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4976086","article-title":"A review of the history, development and application of auditory weighting functions in humans and marine mammals","volume":"141","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4808078","article-title":"Comparative temporary threshold shifts in a harbor porpoise and harbor seal, and severe shift in a seal","volume":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c18","first-page":"523","article-title":"Cumulative effects of exposure to continuous and intermittent sounds on temporary hearing threshold shifts induced in a harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena)","volume-title":"The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4906261","article-title":"Hearing frequency thresholds of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) temporarily affected by played back offshore pile driving sounds","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4916590","article-title":"Effects of exposure to intermittent and continuous 6\u20137 kHz sonar sweeps on harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) hearing","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001668","article-title":"Lack of reproducibility of temporary hearing threshold shifts in a harbor porpoise after exposure to repeated airgun sounds","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4948571","article-title":"Pile driving playback sounds and temporary threshold shift in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena): Effect of exposure duration","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.47.4.2021.394","article-title":"Temporary hearing threshold shift in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) due to one-sixth-octave noise bands centered at 2 and 4 kHz: Effect of duty cycle and testing the equal-energy hypothesis","volume":"47","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.48.1.2022.36","article-title":"Temporary hearing threshold shift in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) due to one-sixth-octave noise bands centered at 8 and 16 kHz: Effect of duty cycle and testing the equal-energy hypothesis","volume":"48","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5092608","article-title":"Frequency of greatest temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) depends on fatiguing sound level","volume":"145","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5007720","article-title":"Temporary hearing threshold shift in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after exposure to multiple airgun sounds","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4883596","article-title":"Effect of level, duration, and inter-pulse interval of 1-2 kHz sonar signal exposures on harbor porpoise hearing","volume":"136","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4892794","article-title":"Frequency of greatest temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) depends on the noise level","volume":"136","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3117443","article-title":"Temporary shift in masked hearing thresholds in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after exposure to seismic airgun stimuli","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2009.0099","article-title":"Sonar-induced temporary hearing loss in dolphins","volume":"5","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4777415","article-title":"Measuring recovery from temporary threshold shifts with evoked auditory potentials in the bottlenosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus (A)","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01187.x","article-title":"Temporary threshold shifts after noise exposure in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) measured using evoked auditory potentials","volume":"20","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Mammal Sci."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4960783","article-title":"Conditioned hearing sensitivity change in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)","volume":"140","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12286","article-title":"Four odontocete species change hearing levels when warned of impending loud sound","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr. Zool."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c35","volume-title":"Revision to: Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing (Version 2.0) \u2014Underwater Acoustic Thresholds for Onset of Permanent and Temporary Threshold Shifts","author":"National Marine Fisheries Service","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00126-9","article-title":"Exponential onset and recovery of temporary threshold shift after loud sound: Evidence for long-term inactivation of mechano-electrical transduction channels","volume":"125","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.098814","article-title":"The limits of applicability of the sound exposure level (SEL) metric to temporal threshold shifts (TTS) in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas","volume":"217","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3596470","article-title":"Noise-induced temporary threshold shift and recovery in Yangtze finless porpoises Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis","volume":"130","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c39","first-page":"1090","article-title":"Influence of fatiguing noise on auditory evoked responses to stimuli of various levels in a beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas","volume":"220","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4964470","article-title":"Low-frequency temporary threshold shift not observed in spotted or ringed seals exposed to single air gun impulses","volume":"140","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5129379","article-title":"Long-term evidence of noise-induced permanent threshold shift in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)","volume":"146","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c42","volume-title":"Marine Mammals and Noise","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5135303","article-title":"The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises","volume":"146","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002649","article-title":"Evaluating temporary threshold shift onset levels for impulsive noise in seals","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c45","article-title":"Marine mammal noise exposure criteria: Initial scientific recommendations","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.45.2.2019.125","article-title":"Marine mammal noise exposure criteria: Auditory weighting functions and TTS\/PTS onset","volume":"45","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001497","article-title":"Effects of dolphin hearing bandwidth on biosonar click emissions","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023083011243732800_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1121\/10.0032468","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000}}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/154\/2\/1287\/18103180\/1287_1_10.0020726.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/154\/2\/1287\/18103180\/1287_1_10.0020726.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1693380300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/154\/2\/1287\/2908484\/Bottlenose-dolphin-temporary-threshold-shift"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0020726","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}}}