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With rising lung pressure, regulatory adjustments both on the level of the glottis and the vocal tract are required to keep the pitch stable. The dynamic changes of vocal tract dimensions with the bidirectional variation of sound pressure level (SPL) during MdV were analyzed by two-dimensional real-time magnetic resonance imaging (25 frames\/s) and synchronous audio recordings in 12 professional singer subjects. Close associations in the respective articulatory kinetics were found between SPL and lip opening, jaw opening, pharynx width, uvula elevation, and vertical larynx position. However, changes in vocal tract dimensions during plateaus of SPL suggest that perceived loudness could have been varied beyond the dimension of SPL. Further multimodal investigation, including the analysis of sound spectra, is needed for a better understanding of the role of vocal tract resonances in the control of vocal loudness in human phonation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0022582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T13:27:55Z","timestamp":1701437275000},"page":"3595-3603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dynamic changes of vocal tract dimensions with sound pressure level during <i>messa di voce<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1353-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Burk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Plastic Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera 1 , Gera, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg 2 , Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-7967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Traser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg 2 , Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Burdumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg 3 , Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg 2 , Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Echternach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital (LMU) 4 , Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120113271282100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930441000445","article-title":"A dimensional approach to vocal expression of emotion","volume":"19","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn. 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