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Circuit and finite element (FE) models are commonly used to investigate the OE and improve its prediction, often applying acoustic impedances at the EC entrance and tympanic membrane (TM). This study investigates the sound generation caused by the structural motion of the EC. In addition to the EC wall vibration, it accounts for the motions of the EC entrance and TM, resulting from nondeforming motion of the surrounding structures. A model extension including these motions with the impedances is proposed. Related mechanisms are illustrated based on a circuit model. Implications are discussed by using an EC motion extracted from a FE model of a human head. The results demonstrate that the motions of the EC entrance and TM, addressed by the proposed extension, affects the TM sound pressure and may lead to a reduction of the OE at lower frequencies compared to solely considering the EC wall vibration. Accordingly, this phenomenon potentially reconciles differences between experimental data and OE simulations at frequencies below about 250\u2009Hz, highlighting the importance to discern between multiple contributing mechanisms to the TM sound pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0024244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T14:19:02Z","timestamp":1704377942000},"page":"56-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of the ear canal motion on the impedance boundary conditions in models of the occlusion effect"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Kersten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics, RWTH Aachen University 1 , 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Sgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche, Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauv\u00e9 en Sant\u00e9 et S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du Travail (IRSST) 2 , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, H3A 3C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Vorl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics, RWTH Aachen University 1 , 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024010414185486600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1121\/1.389621","article-title":"Influence of physiological noise and the occlusion effect on the measurement of real-ear attenuation at threshold","volume":"74","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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