{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:38:41Z","timestamp":1784659121959,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human voice directivity shows horizontal asymmetries caused by the shape of the lips or the position of the tooth and tongue during vocalization. This study presents and analyzes the asymmetries of voice directivity datasets of 23 different phonemes. The asymmetries were determined from datasets obtained in previous measurements with 13 subjects in a surrounding spherical microphone array. The results show that asymmetries are inherent to human voice production and that they differ between the phoneme groups with the strongest effect on the [s], the [l], and the nasals [m], [n], and [\u014b]. The least asymmetries were found for the plosives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0024878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1707837351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phoneme dependence of horizontal asymmetries in voice directivity"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"P\u00f6rschmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer and Communication Technology, TH K\u00f6ln-University of Applied Sciences 1 , Betzdorfer Str. 2, D-50679 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audio Communication Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin 2 , Einsteinufer 17c, D-10587 Berlin, Germany christoph.poerschmann@th-koeln.de , j.arend@tu-berlin.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021315154713300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000444323","article-title":"Morphological symmetry of maxillary anterior teeth before and after prosthodontic planning: Comparison between conventional and digital diagnostic wax-ups","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001736","article-title":"A pilot study on the influence of mouth configuration and torso on singing voice directivity","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1915975","article-title":"Exploration of pressure field around the human head during speech","volume":"10","year":"1939","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289823","article-title":"On methods in the analysis of profile data","volume":"24","year":"1959","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1121\/1.393389","article-title":"Articulatory asymmetries","volume":"79","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c6","unstructured":"Henry, \nJ. (1857). Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution Technical Report (\nA. G. F. Nicholson, \nWashington, DC)."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.4.800","article-title":"A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance","volume":"75","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c8","article-title":"Directivity measurements of the singing voice","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c9","first-page":"101","article-title":"Die exakte Messung der Luftdurchg\u00e4ngigkeit der Nase","volume-title":"Archiv F\u00fcr Laryngologie Und Rhinologie","year":"1895"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL7","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5044508","article-title":"Horizontal directivity patterns differ between vowels extracted from running speech","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c11","volume-title":"Architectural Acoustics","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c12","first-page":"53","article-title":"L'asym\u00e9trie des appuis linguo-palatins","volume":"2","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. D'Acoustique"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c13","first-page":"130","article-title":"The directivity and auditory impressions of singers","volume":"58","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acustica"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4725963","article-title":"Horizontal directivity of low- and high-frequency energy in speech and singing","volume":"132","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.021","article-title":"The nasal cycle: A comprehensive review","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinol."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.61782\/fa.2023.0258","article-title":"A database for the comparison of measured datasets of human voice directivity","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Forum Acusticum"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0005401","article-title":"Investigating phoneme-dependencies of spherical voice directivity patterns","volume":"149","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0016821","article-title":"Investigating phoneme-dependencies of spherical voice directivity patterns II: Various groups of phonemes","volume":"153","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c19","volume-title":"Treatise on Theaters","year":"1790"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c20","first-page":"558","article-title":"Beitrag zur Frage der Stimmrichtwirkung","volume":"11","year":"1929","journal-title":"Z. Tech. Phys."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002487","article-title":"Influence of nasal cavities on voice quality: Computer simulations and experiments","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c22","first-page":"2821","article-title":"Asymmetries in speech articulation as reflected on palatograms: A meta-study","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, ICPhS 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024021315154713300_c23","volume-title":"Observation on the Design for the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane","year":"1813"}],"container-title":["JASA Express Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jel\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1121\/10.0024878\/19668820\/025205_1_10.0024878.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jel\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1121\/10.0024878\/19668820\/025205_1_10.0024878.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jel\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1121\/10.0024878\/19668820\/025205_1_10.0024878.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T14:33:48Z","timestamp":1746801228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jel\/article\/4\/2\/025205\/3263696\/Phoneme-dependence-of-horizontal-asymmetries-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0024878","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-1191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-1191","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"article-number":"025205"}}