{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:14:39Z","timestamp":1788434079188,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Speech learning can be influenced by a variety of factors. A growing body of literature suggests a significant influence of sleep on speech learning, i.e., those trained in the evening outperform those trained in the morning most probably due to consolidation of learning that happens during the sleep for the evening group. Since, learning, in general, may be a process that spans multiple sessions, in the current exploratory study, we aimed at investigating the effect of a multi-session training paradigm on the learning performance of the morning vs evening group. We compared young adults who were trained in the morning (8\u201310 am; n\u2009=\u200916) with those who were trained in the evening (6\u20138\u2009pm; n\u2009=\u200916) on a Hindi dental-retroflex pseudoword-picture association training paradigm. Overall, we found that the evening group learned to a larger extent both for the identification (on trained items) and discrimination (on untrained items) tasks. The current findings, even with a multi-session paradigm, are consistent with the previous findings that support enhanced performance by training in the evening. These findings may have clinical implications toward scheduling of speech therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0024934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:44:06Z","timestamp":1707835446000},"page":"1336-1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multi-session training in the evening schedule exhibits enhanced speech learning"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay R.","family":"Maggu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut 1 , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut 2 , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA"},{"name":"Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University 3 , Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhamini","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Arts, Sciences, and Disorders, City University of New York \u2013 Brooklyn College 4 , Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansi S.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University 3 , Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanaya","family":"Rowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hofstra University 5 , Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Seiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services, Hofstra University 6 , Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021314440022400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0076)","article-title":"Intervention efficacy and intensity for children with speech sound disorder","volume":"56","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4939736","article-title":"Varying irrelevant phonetic features hinders learning of the feature being trained","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.024","article-title":"Sleep facilitates learning a new linguistic rule","volume":"65","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c4","unstructured":"Boersma, \nP., and \nWeenink, \nD. (2010). \u201c\nPraat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 5.1.44) [computer program],\u201d http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=834095044295694369&hl=en&oi=scholarr (Last viewed September 21, 2015)."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13134","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13134","article-title":"Transfer effect of speech-sound learning on auditory-motor processing of perceived vocal pitch errors","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2013\/12-0081)","article-title":"Learning to listen again: The role of compliance in auditory training for adults with hearing loss","volume":"22","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Audiol."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00139","article-title":"Sleep-based memory consolidation stabilizes perceptual learning of noise-vocoded speech","volume":"66","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL525","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5013141","article-title":"Native phonological processing abilities predict post-consolidation nonnative contrast learning in adults","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEULET.2016.10.044","article-title":"Sleep duration predicts behavioral and neural differences in adult speech sound learning","volume":"636","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL91","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4903918","article-title":"Overnight consolidation promotes generalization across talkers in the identification of nonnative speech sounds","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000113","article-title":"Sleep and native language interference affect non-native speech sound learning","volume":"41","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/NATURE01951","article-title":"Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language","volume":"425","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-019-01925-y","article-title":"Desirable and undesirable difficulties: Influences of variability, training schedule, and aptitude on nonnative phonetic learning","volume":"82","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL289","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0000943","article-title":"Overlearning of non-native speech sounds does not result in superior consolidation after a period of sleep","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040963","article-title":"The timing of learning before night-time sleep differentially affects declarative and procedural long-term memory consolidation in adolescents","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4921601","article-title":"Working memory training to improve speech perception in noise across languages","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4986930","article-title":"Cognitive factors as predictors of accented speech perception for younger and older adults","volume":"141","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c18","unstructured":"It\u00f4, \nJ., and \nMester, \nA. (1998). \u201c\nMarkedness and word structure: OCP effects in Japanese,\u201d M.S. thesis, \nUniversity of California Santa Cruz, \nSanta Cruz, CA."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.286","article-title":"Representations of [voice]: Evidence from acquisition","volume-title":"Voicing Dutch","author":"van de Weijer","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006182130229","article-title":"Positional faithfulness and voicing assimilation in Optimality Theory","volume":"17","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Linguist. Theory"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000633","article-title":"Complexity drives speech sound development: Evidence from artificial language training","volume":"45","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c22","article-title":"Experience-dependent Influence of Music and Language on Lexical Pitch Learning Is Not Additive","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36929","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036929","article-title":"Less is more: Latent learning Is maximized by shorter training sessions in auditory perceptual learning","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2021.105029","article-title":"Neural responses in novice learners' perceptual learning and generalization of lexical tones: The effect of training variability","volume":"223","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0221498","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0221498","article-title":"The effect of overnight consolidation in the perceptual learning of non-native tonal contrasts","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c26","unstructured":"RStudio Team (2019). \u201c\nRStudio: Integrated Development for R,\u201d http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/ (Last viewed November 14, 2023)."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00745.x","article-title":"Cognition and aided speech recognition in noise: Specific role for cognitive factors following nine-week experience with adjusted compression settings in hearing aids","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4490","article-title":"Overlearning hyperstabilizes a skill by rapidly making neurochemical processing inhibitory-dominant","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c29","unstructured":"Tichko, \nP. (2021). \u201c\npipeline to calculate D-prime in R,\u201d https:\/\/ptichko.github.io\/2021\/02\/27\/Pipeline-To-Calculate-D-Prime-in-R.html (Last viewed November 9, 2023)."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000107913","article-title":"Effects of acoustic variability in the perceptual learning of non-native-accented speech sounds","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12031","article-title":"I. NIH toolbox cognition battery (CB): Introduction and pediatric data","volume":"78","year":"2013","journal-title":"Monographs Soc. Res. Child."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617714000320","article-title":"The cognition battery of the NIH toolbox for Assessment of neurological and behavioral function: Validation in an adult sample","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716407070312","article-title":"Learning pitch patterns in lexical identification by native English-speaking adults","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Psycholinguist."},{"key":"2024021314440022400_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.03.021","article-title":"Linguistic, perceptual, and cognitive factors underlying musicians' benefits in noise-degraded speech perception","volume":"377","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear. Res."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/155\/2\/1336\/19668873\/1336_1_10.0024934.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/155\/2\/1336\/19668873\/1336_1_10.0024934.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:44:12Z","timestamp":1707835452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/155\/2\/1336\/3263699\/Multi-session-training-in-the-evening-schedule"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0024934","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}