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Cue counting, counting acoustic cues of deep-diving cetaceans instead of animals, is an alternative method for density estimation, but requires an average cue production rate to convert cue density to animal density. Limited information about click rates exists for sperm whales in the central North Pacific Ocean. In the absence of acoustic tag data, we used towed hydrophone array data to calculate the first sperm whale click rates from this region and examined their variability based on click type, location, distance of whales from the array, and group size estimated by visual observers. Our findings show click type to be the most important variable, with groups that include codas yielding the highest click rates. We also found a positive relationship between group size and click detection rates that may be useful for acoustic predictions of group size in future studies. Echolocation clicks detected using PAM methods are often the only indicator of deep-diving cetacean presence. Understanding the factors affecting their click rates provides important information for acoustic density estimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0025540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T12:12:48Z","timestamp":1713355968000},"page":"2627-2635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Click detection rate variability of central North Pacific sperm whales from passive acoustic towed arrays"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4251-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"Barkley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa 1 , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5314-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karlina P. 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(2019). \u201c\nAdvancement of methods for passive acoustic monitoring: A framework for the study of deep-diving cetacean,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, \nUniversitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, \nBarcelona, Spain."},{"key":"2024041712111641800_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.278","article-title":"Echolocation repetition rate as a proxy to monitor population structure and dynamics of sperm whales","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"2024041712111641800_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2016-0503","article-title":"Using passive acoustic monitoring to document the distribution of beaked whale species in the western North Atlantic Ocean","volume":"74","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 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