{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:11:39Z","timestamp":1790651499034,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DC020274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DC020274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mass General Brigham"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009503","name":"California State University Sacramento","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC07910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC07910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Assuming plane waves, ear-canal acoustic quantities, collectively known as wideband acoustic immittance (WAI), are frequently used in research and in the clinic to assess the conductive status of the middle ear. Secondary applications include compensating for the ear-canal acoustics when delivering stimuli to the ear and measuring otoacoustic emissions. However, the ear canal is inherently non-uniform and terminated at an oblique angle by the conical-shaped tympanic membrane (TM), thus potentially confounding the ability of WAI quantities in characterizing the middle-ear status. This paper studies the isolated possible confounding effects of TM orientation and shape on characterizing the middle ear using WAI in human ears. That is, the non-uniform geometry of the ear canal is not considered except for that resulting from the TM orientation and shape. This is achieved using finite-element models of uniform ear canals terminated by both lumped-element and finite-element middle-ear models. In addition, the effects on stimulation and reverse-transmission quantities are investigated, including the physical significance of quantities seeking to approximate the sound pressure at the TM. The results show a relatively small effect of the TM orientation on WAI quantities, except for a distinct delay above 10\u2009kHz, further affecting some stimulation and reverse-transmission quantities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0025768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1714060893000},"page":"2769-2785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The influence of tympanic-membrane orientation on acoustic ear-canal quantities: A finite-element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6845-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kren Monrad","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interacoustics Research Unit 1 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"},{"name":"Interacoustics A\/S 2 , 5500 Middelfart, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Motallebzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, California State University 3 , Sacramento, California 95819, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University 4 , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2810-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Puria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear 5 , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School 6 , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University 7 , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042516002976400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-50038-1_6","article-title":"Measurement of eardrum acoustic impedance","volume-title":"Peripheral Auditory Mechanisms","author":"Allen","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4864475","article-title":"External and middle ear sound pressure distribution and acoustic coupling to the tympanic membrane","volume":"135","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418244","article-title":"The effect of the evanescent wave upon acoustic measurements in the human ear canal","volume":"101","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4973618","article-title":"Compensating for ear-canal acoustics when measuring otoacoustic emissions","volume":"141","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-015-0516-x","article-title":"The effect of ear canal orientation on tympanic membrane motion and the sound field near the tympanic membrane","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30055","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912789117","article-title":"The frontier of simulation-based inference","volume":"117","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(91)90010-7","article-title":"Shape and derived geometrical parameters of the adult, human tympanic membrane measured with a phase-shift moir\u00e9 interferometer","volume":"51","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1978.00790100024005","article-title":"The terminal zone of the external auditory meatus in a variety of mammals","volume":"104","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archiv. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c9","article-title":"Generation and validation of synthetic data for simulation-based inference of middle-ear and conductive pathologies","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948609500407","article-title":"Postnatal growth of the human temporal bone","volume":"95","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1121\/1.405802","article-title":"Quantifying ear-canal geometry with multiple computer-assisted tomographic scans","volume":"93","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1494445","article-title":"Acoustic intensity, impedance and reflection coefficient in the human ear canal","volume":"112","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603898104","article-title":"The discordant eardrum","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181a283ed","article-title":"Wideband energy reflectance measurements of ossicular chain discontinuity and repair in human temporal bone","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01640310","article-title":"Die Mechanik der Geh\u00f6rkn\u00f6chelchen und des Trommelfells\u201d (\u201cThe mechanics of the auditory ossicles and tympanic membrane\u201d)","volume":"1","year":"1868","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcger, Arch."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1287024","article-title":"A noninvasive method for estimating acoustic admittance at the tympanic membrane","volume":"108","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388857","article-title":"Estimation of the area function of human ear canals by sound pressure measurements","volume":"73","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c18","volume-title":"IEC 60318-4, Occluded-Ear Simulator for the Measurement of Earphones Coupled to the Ear by Means of Ear Inserts","author":"IEC","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600106","article-title":"Postnatal change in angle between the tympanic annulus and surrounding structures: Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction study","volume":"106","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c20","first-page":"349","article-title":"Measurement of the human ear canal","volume":"33","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acustica"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1121\/1.420340","article-title":"Otoreflectance of the cochlea and middle ear","volume":"102","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001865","article-title":"Sound field estimation near the tympanic membrane using area-distance measurements in the ear canal","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385783","article-title":"Impedance measurement source and microphone proximity effects","volume":"69","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200010000-00009","article-title":"Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: Ear-canal measurements of acoustic admittance and reflectance in neonates","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402733","article-title":"Method to measure acoustic impedance and reflection coefficient","volume":"91","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2012.721936","article-title":"Wideband aural acoustic absorbance predicts conductive hearing loss in children","volume":"51","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1625931","article-title":"Energy transmittance predicts conductive hearing loss in older children and adults","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmec.44.1097","article-title":"Effect of depth of conical-shaped tympanic membrane on middle-ear sound transmission","volume":"44","year":"2001","journal-title":"JSME Int. J. Ser. C."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3243310","article-title":"Comparison of in-situ calibration methods for quantifying input to the middle ear","volume":"126","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4927408","article-title":"Non-invasive estimation of middle-ear input impedance and efficiency","volume":"138","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812708694_0018","article-title":"Factors affecting measurement of ear-canal pressure to stapes velocity transfer function","volume-title":"Middle Ear Mechanics in Research and Otology","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000714","article-title":"Effects of forward- and emitted-pressure calibrations on the variability of otoacoustic emission measurements across repeated probe fits","volume":"40","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3143142","article-title":"Use of forward pressure level to minimize the influence of acoustic standing waves during probe-microphone hearing-aid verification","volume":"126","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22014","article-title":"The orientation of the tympanic membrane","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0005822","article-title":"The influence of otitis media with effusion on middle-ear impedance estimated from wideband acoustic immittance measurements","volume":"150","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-017-0630-z","article-title":"Fluid-structure finite-element modelling and clinical measurement of the wideband acoustic input admittance of the newborn ear canal and middle ear","volume":"18","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0004218","article-title":"Mouse middle-ear forward and reverse acoustics","volume":"149","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0014901","article-title":"Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions and middle-ear pressure gains in a finite-element mouse model","volume":"152","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0014959","article-title":"A reciprocity method for validating acoustic ear-probe source calibrations","volume":"152","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0017119","article-title":"Comments on forward pressure and other reflectance-based quantities for delivering stimuli to the ear","volume":"153","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001094","article-title":"Reproducing ear-canal reflectance using two measurement techniques in adult ears","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5123379","article-title":"A comparison of ear-canal-reflectance measurement methods in an ear simulator","volume":"146","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5124000","article-title":"On the calculation of reflectance in non-uniform ear canals","volume":"146","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5016808","article-title":"Compensating for evanescent modes and estimating characteristic impedance in waveguide acoustic impedance measurements","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5010891","article-title":"Incorporating evanescent modes and flow losses into reference impedances in acoustic Th\u00e9venin calibration","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5111340","article-title":"Compensating for oblique ear-probe insertions in ear-canal reflectance measurements","volume":"145","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0009325","article-title":"A systematic study on effects of calibration-waveguide geometry and least-squares formulation on ear-probe source calibrations","volume":"151","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5008741","article-title":"The effects of varying tympanic-membrane material properties on human middle-ear sound transmission in a three-dimensional finite-element model","volume":"142","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2747156","article-title":"Wave model of the cat tympanic membrane","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426713","article-title":"Prediction of conductive hearing loss based on acoustic ear-canal response using a multivariate clinical decision theory","volume":"105","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396051","article-title":"Three-dimensional acoustic waves in the ear canal and their interaction with the tympanic membrane","volume":"83","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4898420","article-title":"Sound pressure distribution within natural and artificial human ear canals: Forward stimulation","volume":"136","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5094776","article-title":"Sound pressure distribution within human ear canals: II. Reverse mechanical stimulation","volume":"145","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2769625","article-title":"Sound pressure distribution and power flow within the gerbil ear canal from 100 Hz to 80 kHz","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3655878","article-title":"Further assessment of forward pressure level for in situ calibration","volume":"130","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2931953","article-title":"Influence of in situ, sound-level calibration on distortion-product otoacoustic emission variability","volume":"124","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1121\/1.409829","article-title":"Ear-canal standing waves and high-frequency sound calibration using otoacoustic emission probes","volume":"95","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5058683","article-title":"Evanescent waves in simulated ear canals: Experimental demonstration and method for compensation","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4894787","article-title":"Comparison of nine methods to estimate ear-canal stimulus levels","volume":"136","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397744","article-title":"Specification of the geometry of the human ear canal for the prediction of sound-pressure level distribution","volume":"85","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1121\/1.408329","article-title":"Measurement of acoustic impedance and reflectance in the human ear canal","volume":"95","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002358","article-title":"Measurements of ear-canal cross-sectional areas from live human ears with implications for wideband acoustic immittance measurements","volume":"148","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318174f07c","article-title":"Sources of variability in reflectance measurements on normal cadaver ears","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31823235b5","article-title":"Effects of middle-ear disorders on power reflectance measured in cadaveric ear canals","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60S","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31829cfd64","article-title":"Factors that introduce intrasubject variability into ear-canal absorbance measurements","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"2024042516002976400_c66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3075551","article-title":"An in situ calibration for hearing thresholds","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/155\/4\/2769\/19901657\/2769_1_10.0025768.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/155\/4\/2769\/19901657\/2769_1_10.0025768.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T16:01:45Z","timestamp":1714060905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/155\/4\/2769\/3284923\/The-influence-of-tympanic-membrane-orientation-on"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0025768","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]}}}