{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:57:20Z","timestamp":1783123040964,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018606","name":"NOAA Weather Program Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA17OAR4590168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA17OAR4590168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018606","name":"NOAA Weather Program Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA18OAR4590305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA18OAR4590305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018606","name":"NOAA Weather Program Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA19OAR4590339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA19OAR4590339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data recorded by several infrasound sensor arrays deployed in the southeastern United States during the spring of 2018 have been analyzed during a period when a storm front passed through and spawned several tornado touchdowns. The tornadoes ranged from EF-0 to EF-2. Accurate bearings have been obtained, corresponding to tornadoes at ranges up to more than 100\u2009km. Earlier in the day, a convective storm cell passed and triggered a tornado warning but no verified tornado touchdowns. During this earlier passage, a weaker signal was detected with bearings that tracked this convective storm cell. The analyses reveal that on the systems deployed, the dominant band of coherent infrasound measured from the tornadic storms was between 2 and 6\u2009Hz. Atmospheric conditions are known to have a significant influence on signal detection because of propagation effects and local wind noise conditions. Propagation modeling and wind noise analysis were undertaken and are observed to be consistent with signal detection from the tornadoes. Because of the static sources, as well as the multiple strong cells that were in the region simultaneously, it was necessary to use array signal processing methods that are capable of resolving multiple sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0028815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1726833916000},"page":"1903-1919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of infrasound array data from tornadic storms in the southeastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Waxler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wm. Garth","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrick L.","family":"Talmadge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Hetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hank","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, University 1 , Mississippi 38677,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Audette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benchtop Engineering LLC 2 , 281 Sweet Pond Road, Guilford, Vermont 05301,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"641","key":"2024112618115409800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.421","article-title":"Infrasound generation by tornadic supercell storms","volume":"135","year":"2009","journal-title":"Q. 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(2008). \u201c The inaudible symphony: On the detection and source identification of atmospheric infrasound,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands."},{"issue":"3_Supplement","key":"2024112618115409800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A116","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0027002","article-title":"Predicting infrasonic wind noise levels using local topographic features","volume":"155","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024112618115409800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5101748","article-title":"Estimating multiple bearings-of-arrival from tornadic storms using the complex Wishart distribution","volume":"145","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. 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