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In this study, this lexical research is built on with an experiment with speakers of 28 different languages from 12 different families. Participants were presented with images of a jagged and a straight line and imagined running their finger along each. They were then played an alveolar trill [r] and an alveolar approximant [l] and matched each sound to one of the lines. Participants showed a strong tendency to match [r] with the jagged line and [l] with the straight line, even more consistently than in a comparable cross-cultural investigation of the bouba\/kiki effect. The pattern is strongest for matching [r] to the jagged line, but also very strong for matching [l] to the straight line. While this effect was found with speakers of languages with different phonetic realizations of the rhotic sound, it was weaker when trilled [r] was the primary variant. This suggests that when a sound is used phonologically to make systemic meaning contrasts, its iconic potential may become more limited. These findings extend our understanding of iconic crossmodal correspondences, highlighting deep-rooted connections between auditory perception and touch\/vision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0034416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T08:15:38Z","timestamp":1732090538000},"page":"3468-3479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The alveolar trill is perceived as jagged\/rough by speakers of different languages"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1513-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"\u0106wiek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics 1 , Berlin, 10719,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Anselme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage UMR 5596, Universit\u00e9 Lumi\u00e8re Lyon 2 2 , Lyon, 69363,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Dediu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Catalan Philology and General Linguistics, University of Barcelona 3 , Barcelona, 08007,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS) 4 , Barcelona, 08038,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) 5 , Barcelona, 08010,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics 1 , Berlin, 10719,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"IM\u00e9RA Institute for Advanced Studies of Aix-Marseille University 6 , Marseille, 13004,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9984-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeto","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies, Keio University 7 , Mita Minatoku, Tokyo, 108-8345,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace E.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English Language and Literature, Konkuk University 8 , Seoul 05029,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Studies Program, Agnes Scott College 9 , Decatur, Georgia 30030,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Birmingham 10 , Birmingham, B15 2TT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire Parole et Langage 11 , 13100 Aix-en-Provence,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Polon\u00eas, Alem\u00e3o e Letras Cl\u00e1ssicas, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 12 , 80060-150 Curitiba,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Ridouane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Phon\u00e9tique et Phonologie, UMR 7018, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Nouvelle 13 , 75005 Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Linguistics Discipline, University of KwaZulu-Natal 14 , Durban 4041,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodo","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Birmingham 10 , Birmingham, B15 2TT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112013153032900_c1","unstructured":"Anselme, \nR., \nPellegrino, \nF., and \nDediu, \nD. 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