{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:46:53Z","timestamp":1791632813407,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The fundamental frequency (fo) is pivotal for quantifying vocal-fold characteristics. However, the accuracy of fo estimation in hoarse voices is notably low, and no definitive algorithm for fo estimation has been previously established. In this study, we introduce an algorithm named, \u201cSpectral-based fo Estimator Emphasized by Domination and Sequence (SFEEDS),\u201d which enhances the spectrum method and conducted comparative analyses with conventional estimation methods. We analyzed 454 voice samples and used conventional methods and SFEEDS to calculate fo. The ground truth of fo was determined as the lowest frequency within the most dominant harmonic complex observed on the spectrogram. Subsequently, we assessed the concordance between each fo-estimation method and the fo ground truth. We also examined the variations in the accuracy of these methods when analyzing speech with hoarseness. Regardless of hoarseness, the fo-estimation accuracy was significantly greater by SFEEDS than by conventional methods. Moreover, whereas the conventional methods impaired fo-estimation accuracy in samples with roughness, the SFEEDS algorithm was robust and significantly reduced subharmonic errors. The SFEEDS fo-estimation algorithm accurately estimated the fo of both normal and hoarse voices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0034624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T12:43:32Z","timestamp":1735044212000},"page":"4217-4228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Robust fundamental frequency-detection algorithm unaffected by the presence of hoarseness in human voice"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Itsuki","family":"Kitayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5169-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyohito","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Osaka International Medical & Science Center 2 , Osaka 543-0035,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Iwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe University Hospital 3 , Hyogo 650-0017,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misao","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Sakai Heisei Hospital 4 , Osaka 599-8236,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital 5 , Hyogo 650-0011,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Kishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Inohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1 , Osaka 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024122412432577900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253.e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.06.021","article-title":"Towards objective voice assessment: The diplophonia diagram","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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