{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:53:28Z","timestamp":1791896008879,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization Environmental Noise Guidelines provide source-based nighttime sound level (Lnight) recommendations. For non-aircraft sources, the recommended Lnight is where the absolute prevalence of high sleep disturbance (HSD) equals 3%. The Guideline Development Group did not provide an Lnight for wind turbines due to inadequate data. In the current study, calculated outdoor wind turbine Lnight levels ranged from &amp;lt;20.5\u2009to 41.5\u2009dB(A). Between May and September 2013, questionnaires were completed by 606 males and 632 females, 18\u201379\u2009years of age, randomly selected from households 0.25 to 11.22\u2009km from operational wind turbines. When the source of sleep disturbance was unspecified, the mean prevalence of HSD was 13.3% overall and unrelated to Lnight (p\u2009=\u20090.53). As Lnight increased, identifying wind turbines as one of the causes of HSD increased from 0% below 20.5\u2009dB(A) to 3.8% between 35.5\u201341.5\u2009dB(A) (p\u2009=\u20090.01). The 3%HSD benchmark was observed where Lnight was 33.5\u2009dB(A) [95% confidence interval (CI) 31.1\u201336.1\u2009dB(A)]. Results affirm findings from Health Canada's Community Noise and Health Study of minimal impacts of wind turbines on sleep [Michaud et al. (2016a). \u201cEffects of wind turbine noise on self-reported and objective measures of sleep,\u201d Sleep 39(1), 97\u2013109], yet noted uncertainties and limitations are discussed, including the suggestion that the HSD benchmark for wind turbines may be too low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0034710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T14:42:32Z","timestamp":1736952152000},"page":"275-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An analysis of self-reported sleep disturbance from nighttime wind\n                    turbine noise suggests minimal effects but highlights the need for\n                    standardization in research design"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Michaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Canada, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division 1 , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Guay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Canada, Population Studies Division, Biostatistics Section 2 , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Canada, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division 1 , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Canada, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division 1 , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"McNamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Canada, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division 1 , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2025013019361322000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112573","article-title":"Wind turbine noise and sleep: Pilot studies on the influence\n                        of noise characteristics","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c5","first-page":"4117","article-title":"Annoyance and sleep disturbance responses in people living in\n                        the vicinity of wind turbines in the Netherlands","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025013019361322000_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0006967","article-title":"Assessing community noise annoyance: A review of two decades\n                        of the international technical specification ISO\/TS\n                        15666:2003","volume":"150","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c9","first-page":"0012","article-title":"Directive 2002\/49\/EC of the European\n                        Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and\n                        management of environmental noise","volume":"189","author":"European Commission","year":"2002","journal-title":"Official J.\n                        L"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c8","unstructured":"European Commission\n                        (2020). \u201c Directive 2020\/367 of 4 March 2020\n                        amending Annex III to Directive 2002\/49\/EC of the European Parliament and of\n                        the Council as regards the establishment of assessment methods for harmful\n                        effects of environmental noise,\u201d Official J.\n                        L67\/132, https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2020\/367\/oj (Last viewed July\n                    10, 2024)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025013019361322000_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031082","article-title":"Measuring subjective sleep quality: A\n                    review","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025013019361322000_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.1997.1144","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting core information from community\n                        noise reaction surveys","volume":"206","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025013019361322000_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.2000.3384","article-title":"Standardized general-purpose noise reaction questions for\n                        community noise surveys: Research and a recommendation","volume":"242","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c15","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Attenuation of sound during\n                        propagation outdoors\u2014Part 2: General method of calculation","author":"ISO 9613-2:1996","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c14","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Assessment of noise\n                        annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys","author":"ISO\/TS-15666:2003","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c13","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Assessment of noise\n                        annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys","author":"ISO\/TS-15666:2021","year":"2021"},{"issue":"83","key":"2025013019361322000_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.189242","article-title":"Before\u2013after field study of effects of wind turbine noise on\n                        polysomnographic sleep parameters","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noise\n                        Health"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.020","article-title":"The impact of psychological factors on self-reported sleep\n                        disturbance among people living in the vicinity of wind\n                        turbines","volume":"148","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"81","key":"2025013019361322000_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.178478","article-title":"Exposure-response relationship of wind turbine noise with\n                        self-reported symptoms of sleep and health problems: A nationwide\n                        socioacoustic survey in Japan","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noise\n                        Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025013019361322000_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4942404","article-title":"Wind turbine sound pressure level calculations at\n                        dwellings","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. 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Health."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13228","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13228","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of wind turbine noise\n                        effects on sleep using validated objective and subjective sleep\n                        assessments","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025013019361322000_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac085","article-title":"An experimental investigation on the impact of wind turbine\n                        noise on polysomnography-measured and sleep diary-determined sleep\n                        outcomes","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025013019361322000_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsab283","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab283","article-title":"The effect of wind turbine noise on polysomnographically\n                        measured and self-reported sleep latency in wind turbine noise naive\n                        participants","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"71","key":"2025013019361322000_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.137060","article-title":"Evaluation of community response to wind turbine-related\n                        noise in Western New York State","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise\n                        Health"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c26","first-page":"387","article-title":"A\n                        preliminary analysis of long-term self-reported sleep disturbance attributed\n                        to wind turbines and modelled outdoor nightly average wind turbine sound\n                        pressure level","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4942391","article-title":"Exposure to wind turbine noise: Perceptual responses and\n                        reported health effects","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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Soc.\n                        Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025013019361322000_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031039","article-title":"Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and\n                        well-being in different living environments","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup.\n                        Environ. Med."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736231","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.736231","article-title":"Perceptions of wind turbine noise and self-reported health in\n                        suburban residential areas","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front.\n                        Psychol."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.112040","article-title":"Health effects of wind turbine noise and road traffic noise\n                        on people living near wind turbines","volume":"157","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew.\n                        Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025013019361322000_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382013","article-title":"Synthesis of social surveys on noise\n                        annoyance","volume":"64","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"issue":"54","key":"2025013019361322000_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.85502","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of wind turbine\n                        noise on health-related quality of life","volume":"13","year":"2011","journal-title":"Noise\n                        Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025013019361322000_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaa046","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa046","article-title":"A laboratory study on the effects of wind turbine noise on\n                        sleep: Results of the polysomnographic WiTNES study","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025013019361322000_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/0263092316676399","article-title":"Community survey on noise impacts induced by 2MW wind\n                        turbines in China","volume":"35","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act.\n                        Control."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c40","unstructured":"Statistics Canada\n                        (2014). \u201c Community Noise and Health Study\n                        (CNHS),\u201d https:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5201\n                    (Last viewed July 10, 2024)."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106419","article-title":"Self-reported health in the vicinity of five wind power\n                        production areas in Finland,\u201d","volume":"151","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110360","article-title":"Symptoms intuitively associated with wind turbine\n                        infrasound","volume":"192","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c43","unstructured":"United States Environmental\n                        Protection Agency (2023). \u201c BMDS online\n                        (model library version 2023.03.1),\u201d https:\/\/bmdsonline.epa.gov (Last viewed July 10,\n                    2024)."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c47","unstructured":"World Health\n                        Organization (1999). \u201c Guidelines for\n                        community noise,\u201d edited by B. Berglund,\n                                T., Lindvall, and\n                            D. H.Schwela, WHO\n                    Reference Number: a68672, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/a68672 (Last viewed July\n                    10, 2024)."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c46","unstructured":"World Health\n                        Organization (2009). \u201c Night noise\n                        guidelines for Europe,\u201d edited by C.Hurtley (\n                        WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen,\n                        Denmark), https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/326486 (Last viewed July 10,\n                    2024)."},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c45","article-title":"Burden of disease from environmental\n                        noise. Quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025013019361322000_c44","unstructured":"World Health\n                        Organization (2018). \u201c Environmental\n                        noise guidelines for the European region\u201d (\n                        WHO Regional Office for Europe,\n                        Copenhagen, Denmark), https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789289053563 (Last\n                    viewed July 10, 2024)."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/157\/1\/275\/20350286\/275_1_10.0034710.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/157\/1\/275\/20350286\/275_1_10.0034710.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/157\/1\/275\/20350286\/275_1_10.0034710.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T19:14:45Z","timestamp":1748373285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/157\/1\/275\/3331523\/An-analysis-of-self-reported-sleep-disturbance"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0034710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}