{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:30:51Z","timestamp":1774744251694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-B-064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-B-064"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the performance of subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) with ultrasound contrast agents using data obtained from calibration procedures. A commercial scanner of ultrasonography (GE Healthcare Logiq E20, Wuxi, China) was used to perform SHAPE on a flowing contrast agent (Sonazoid) in a phantom setup under controlled microbubble stability and flow velocity conditions. Subharmonic time-intensity curves were collected during the SHAPE calibration procedure for analysis. Subharmonic amplitude of diluted contrast agents exhibited a time-dependent decline but was not affected by velocity. SHAPE sensitivity was measured through reciprocal pressurizing and depressurizing sequences to mitigate the effect of subharmonic decline over time. A wide range of mechanical index (MI) levels within the steady growth phase of the calibration curve showed higher SHAPE sensitivity compared to the traditionally recommended \u201coptimal\u201d MI at the maximum slope. The approximate maximum SHAPE sensitivity was \u22120.04\u2009dB\/mm\u2009Hg. Subharmonic amplitude was linearly correlated with pressure at a range of MI levels (R2 &amp;gt; 0.9, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) but showed significant variations (approximately 2\u2009dB standard deviation) in the time series. The lowered sensitivity compared to previous reports, combined with the substantial variation in subharmonic amplitude, raises concerns about the accuracy and consistency of SHAPE in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0035574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T14:47:41Z","timestamp":1740062861000},"page":"1322-1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An experimental study on subharmonic-aided pressure estimation with commercial scanners"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Yi-fan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 1 , 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