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While differences between spontaneous and volitional laughs have been described, little is known about the communicative functions of volitional (voluntary) laughter\u2014a complex signal used across diverse social contexts. Here, we examined whether the acoustic structure of volitional laughter encodes social contextual information recognizable by humans and computers. We asked men and women to produce volitional laughs in eight distinct social contexts ranging from positive (e.g., watching a comedy) to negative valence (e.g., embarrassment). Human listeners and machine classification algorithms accurately identified most laughter contexts above chance. However, confusion often arose within valence categories, and could be largely explained by shared acoustics. Although some acoustic features varied across social contexts, including fundamental frequency (perceived as voice pitch) and energy parameters (entropy variance, loudness, spectral centroid, and cepstral peak prominence), which also predicted listeners' recognition of laughter contexts, laughs evoked across different social contexts still often overlapped in acoustic and perceptual space. Thus, we show that volitional laughter can convey some reliable information about social context, but much of this is tied to valence, suggesting that volitional laughter is a graded rather than discrete vocal signal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0036388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T15:35:24Z","timestamp":1744644924000},"page":"2774-2789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Production and perception of volitional laughter across social contexts"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1220-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virgile","family":"Daunay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL Center for Research in Neuroscience in Lyon, University of Saint-\u00c9tienne 1 , 42023 Saint-\u00c9tienne,","place":["France"]},{"name":"DDL Dynamics of Language Lab, CNRS French National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Lyon 2 2 , 69363 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Reby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL Center for Research in Neuroscience in Lyon, University of Saint-\u00c9tienne 1 , 42023 Saint-\u00c9tienne,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0992-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pisanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL Center for Research in Neuroscience in Lyon, University of Saint-\u00c9tienne 1 , 42023 Saint-\u00c9tienne,","place":["France"]},{"name":"DDL Dynamics of Language Lab, CNRS French National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Lyon 2 2 , 69363 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041808264412000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X13003099","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of acoustic communication in humans and nonhuman primates: An evolutionary perspective","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. 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