{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T05:43:16Z","timestamp":1769146996436,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12561160121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12561160121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12411530074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12411530074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFD2401402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2401402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The exceptional sound reception capabilities of odontocetes provide valuable inspiration for the design of advanced directional acoustic systems. Inspired by the sound reception system of the finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri), we developed a biomimetic receiver comprising artificial analogs of the mandible, external mandibular fat, and internal mandibular fat. The biomimetic external and internal mandibular fats were fabricated from soft silica gel, and the biomimetic mandible was made of aluminum. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the designed receiver enables effective control of underwater sound reception directivity. Specifically, widening the biomimetic external mandibular fat by 6.0\u2009cm resulted in a 19.0\u00b0 increase in the main beam angle and a 24.4\u00b0 reduction in the 3-dB beam width at 25\u2009kHz. Meanwhile, the biomimetic internal mandibular fat primarily functioned as a waveguide, effectively channeling acoustic energy. This receiver could serve as a useful tool for investigating odontocete sound reception mechanisms and has potential applications in underwater detection and communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0042246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:47:21Z","timestamp":1769093241000},"page":"592-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Directivity control of underwater sound reception inspired by the finless porpoise"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3033-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhan","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongchang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6183-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University 1 , Xiamen 361005,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2 , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012209471709400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0000557","article-title":"Directional hearing sensitivity for 2\u201330 kHz sounds in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c2","first-page":"4183","article-title":"Beamforming with extended co-prime sensor arrays","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-6180-2014-148","article-title":"Extending coprime sensor arrays to achieve the peak side lobe height of a full uniform linear array","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1401757","article-title":"Three-dimensional modeling of hearing in Delphinus delphis","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c5","volume-title":"The Sonar of Dolphins","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c6","volume-title":"Principles of Marine Bioacoustics","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1121\/1.390403","article-title":"Receiving beam patterns and directivity indices of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin","volume":"75","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c8","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c9","volume-title":"Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound, Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing","year":"2016","edition":"2"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/3\/1\/016001","article-title":"Acoustic pathways revealed: Simulated sound transmission and reception in Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris)","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinspir. Biomim."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20652","article-title":"Anatomic geometry of sound transmission and reception in Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris)","volume":"291","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. Adv. Integr. Anat. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c12","first-page":"34","article-title":"Experimental evidence of bandgap structures in the lower jaw of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/4\/1\/015005","article-title":"On the role of periodic structures in the lower jaw of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)","volume":"4","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinspir. Biomim."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026012209471709400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.116285","article-title":"Single-click beam patterns suggest dynamic changes to the field of view of echolocating Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in the wild","volume":"218","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c15","volume-title":"Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1945565","article-title":"Receiving beam patterns in the horizontal plane of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2784-7","article-title":"The marine mammal ear: Specializations for aquatic audition and echolocation","volume-title":"The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing","author":"Webster","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.1997.9753356","article-title":"Structure and function in whale ears","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026012209471709400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.159913","article-title":"Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) modify biosonar output level and directivity during prey interception in the wild","volume":"220","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00685-3","article-title":"Soft material for soft actuators","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-015-1011-x","article-title":"Hearing abilities and sound reception of broadband sounds in an adult Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus","volume":"201","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c22","first-page":"2","article-title":"Mine-hunting dolphins of the navy","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1051\/aacus\/2020030","article-title":"Contribution of bone-reverberated waves to sound localization of dolphins: A numerical model","volume":"5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Acust."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c24","first-page":"317","article-title":"Some problems of echolocation in cetaceans","volume":"1","year":"1964","journal-title":"Mar. Bioacoustics"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043701","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0155601","article-title":"A porpoise-inspired receptor to enhance broadband sound reception","volume":"123","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2141093","article-title":"Monaural and binaural hearing directivity in the bottlenose dolphin: Evoked-potential study","volume":"119","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4961014","article-title":"Auditory sensitivity to local stimulation of the head surface in a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas","volume":"140","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5063356","article-title":"Bone-conducted sound in a dolphin's mandible: Experimental investigation of elastic waves mediating information on sound source position","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304018","article-title":"A bioinspired soft actuated material","volume":"26","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(95)00052-6","article-title":"Sonar recognition of targets embedded in sediment","volume":"8","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8040366","article-title":"Sound reception in the Yangtze finless porpoise and its extension to a biomimetic receptor","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"094103","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0059214","article-title":"A physical realization of porpoise biosonar concerning sound reception","volume":"119","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016004","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/aaeb01","article-title":"Investigation on acoustic reception pathways in finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaorientalis sunameri) with insight into an alternative pathway","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinspir. Biomim."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c34","volume-title":"Principles of Underwater Sound","year":"2013","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/255340a0","article-title":"Molecular basis for formation of lipid sound lens in echolocating cetaceans","volume":"255","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00820a020","article-title":"Unusual wax esters from the mandibular canal of the porpoise (Tursiops gilli","volume":"9","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9101036","article-title":"Angular resolution enhancement provided by nonuniformly-spaced linear hydrophone arrays in ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"056025","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/ad7344","article-title":"Validated 3D finite-element model of the Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) head anatomy demonstrates gular sound reception and channelling through the mandibular fats","volume":"19","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinspir. Biomim."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121442","article-title":"Acoustic property reconstruction of a neonate Yangtze finless porpoise's (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) head based on CT imaging","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.074013","article-title":"Acoustic gaze adjustments during active target selection in echolocating porpoises","volume":"215","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026012209471709400_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05651","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05651","article-title":"Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/159\/1\/592\/20878849\/592_1_10.0042246.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/159\/1\/592\/20878849\/592_1_10.0042246.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:47:23Z","timestamp":1769093243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/159\/1\/592\/3377882\/Directivity-control-of-underwater-sound-reception"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0042246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}