{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:14:39Z","timestamp":1778771679686,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000169","name":"Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS-2314493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS-2314493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Hawaiian phoneme inventory includes a consonant (\u02bbokina) typically described as glottal stop. Recent studies have found that \u02bbokina is rarely produced with full glottal closure utterance-medially, and is instead produced as a period of creaky phonation. This study investigated the acoustic correlates of utterance-initial \u02bbokina following a pause. Although visible creaky phonation did not occur for utterance-initial \u02bbokina, several reliable acoustic correlates were found during the first vowels of utterances that started with \u02bbokina. Vowels preceded by \u02bbokina had higher fundamental frequency, more abrupt onsets of acoustic energy, greater acoustic energy both in the fundamental frequency and across all frequency ranges, lower harmonics-to-noise ratios, and higher jitter than vowels that started without a preceding \u02bbokina. Linear discriminant analyses of the data showed that these acoustic correlates were able to correctly categorize \u223c75% of productions. Although no concurrent articulatory data were collected, arguments are provided to suggest that \u02bbokina is regularly produced as full glottal closure utterance-initially in Hawaiian, possibly because of effects of prosodic strengthening. We believe the present study is the first to establish a relationship between utterance-initial glottal stop and these acoustic effects on the following vowel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0043708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:04:25Z","timestamp":1778771065000},"page":"4038-4055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acoustic properties of utterance-initial glottal stop in Hawaiian"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7516-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Roon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, New York University 1 , New York, New York 10013,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7798-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, New York University 1 , New York, New York 10013,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u02bb\u014ciwi","family":"Parker Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 2 , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051411042165500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.05.022","article-title":"Vocal fold onset and its effect on the spectral envelope","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Voice."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","article-title":"Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items","volume":"59","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/0023830918780141","article-title":"Orthography-induced length contrasts in the second language phonological systems of L2 speakers of English: Evidence from minimal pairs","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lang. Speech"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c4","unstructured":"Boersma, P., and Weenink, D. (2024). \u201cpraat: Doing phonetics by computer,\u201d http:\/\/www.praat.org (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000355635","article-title":"Segmental and prosodic effects on intervocalic voiced stop reduction in connected speech","volume":"70","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/14664208.2013.812943","article-title":"The return of Hawaiian: Language networks of the revival movement","volume":"14","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Iss. Lang. Plann."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c7","unstructured":"Brinkerhoff, M. L. (2025). \u201cVoice quality and laryngeal complexity in Santiago Laxopa Zapotec,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025501","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0035881","article-title":"Using residual H1* for voice quality research","volume":"5","year":"2025","journal-title":"JASA Express Lett."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2009.07.002","article-title":"Reliable jitter and shimmer measurements in voice clinics: The relevance of vowel, gender, vocal intensity, and fundamental frequency effects in a typical clinical task","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952675721000038","article-title":"Phonological contrasts and gradient effects in ongoing lenition in the Spanish of Gran Canaria","volume":"38","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phonology"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c11","volume-title":"Fundamental Problems in Phonetics","year":"1977"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0301786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301786","article-title":"Vowel onset measures and their reliability, sensitivity and specificity: A systematic literature review","volume":"19","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0014175","article-title":"On H1\u2013H2 as an acoustic measure of linguistic phonation type","volume":"152","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2020.0025","article-title":"The causal structure of lenition: A case for the causal precedence of durational shortening","volume":"96","year":"2020","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1547","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1547","article-title":"The versatility of creaky phonation: Segmental, prosodic, and sociolinguistic uses in the world's languages","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2021.101075","article-title":"Effects of word position and flanking vowel on the implementation of glottal stop: Evidence from Hawaiian","volume":"88","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phon."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1515\/phon-2022-0031","article-title":"Word-level prosodic and metrical influences on Hawaiian glottal stop realization","volume":"80","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2011.10.006","article-title":"Coarticulation between tone and glottal consonants in Itunyoso Trique","volume":"40","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.1996.0023","article-title":"Glottalization of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure","volume":"24","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c20","volume-title":"Hawaiian Grammar","year":"1979"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c21","volume-title":"Voice Quality: The Laryngeal Articulator Model","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c22","unstructured":"Frazier, M. (2009). \u201cThe production and perception of pitch and glottalization in Yucatec Maya,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Glottal stops before word-initial vowels in American English: Distribution and acoustic characteristics","volume":"110","year":"2012","journal-title":"UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c24","unstructured":"Garellek, M. (2013). \u201cProduction and perception of glottal stops,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429056253","article-title":"The phonetics of voice","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Phonetics","author":"Katz","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100321000116","article-title":"Voicing of glottal consonants and non-modal vowels","volume":"53","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Phonetic Assoc."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100318000397","article-title":"Tongan","volume":"50","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Phonetic Assoc."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2019.11.005","article-title":"Performance evaluation of subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio (SHR) computation","volume":"35","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1515\/ijsl-2018-2003","article-title":"The dynamics of Hawaiian speakerhood in the family","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sociol. Lang."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3704.769","article-title":"Acoustic correlates of breathy vocal quality","volume":"37","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1103.600","article-title":"Vocal fry as a phonational register","volume":"11","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70238-3","article-title":"Vocal fold physiology","volume":"33","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1017\/S095267572100035X","article-title":"Intervocalic lenition is not phonological: Evidence from Campidanese Sardinian","volume":"38","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phonology"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5334\/labphon.184","article-title":"The phonetics and phonology of lenition: A Campidanese Sardinian case study","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Phonol."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(98)00085-5","article-title":"Restructuring speech representations using a pitch-adaptive time\u2013frequency smoothing and an instantaneous-frequency-based F0 extraction: Possible role of a repetitive structure in sounds","volume":"27","year":"1999","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c36","first-page":"167","article-title":"Phonetic encoding of prosodic structure","volume-title":"Speech Production: Models, Phonetic Processes, and Techniques","author":"Harrington","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c37","first-page":"821","article-title":"Acoustic properties of different kinds of creaky voice","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2023.a900090","article-title":"A cross-language acoustic space for vocalic phonation distinctions","volume":"99","year":"2023","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4730893","article-title":"Comparison of speaking fundamental frequency in English and Mandarin","volume":"132","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c40","unstructured":"KLH (2026). https:\/\/ulukau.org\/kaniaina\/?a=p&p=publicationhome&sp=A&l=en (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c41","unstructured":"Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., Christensen, R. H. B., and Jensen, S. P. (2020). \u201clmertest: Tests in linear mixed effects models,\u201d https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/lmerTest\/index.html, version 3.1-2 (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c42","volume-title":"The Sounds of the World's Languages","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c43","unstructured":"Lenth, R., Singmann, H., Love, J., Buerkner, P., and Herve, M. (2019). \u201crvlenth\/emmeans,\u201d https:\/\/github.com\/rvlenth\/emmeans (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0406","article-title":"The relationship between relative fundamental frequency and a kinematic estimate of laryngeal stiffness in healthy adults","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2019.104034","article-title":"The glottal stop between segmental and suprasegmental processing: The case of Maltese","volume":"108","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S687","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-12-0279","article-title":"Modeling the biomechanical influence of epilaryngeal stricture on the vocal folds: A low-dimensional model of vocal-ventricular fold coupling","volume":"57","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c47","first-page":"192","article-title":"Tutu's Hawaiian and the emergence of a neo Hawaiian language","volume":"3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hawaiian J. Law Politics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c48","unstructured":"Nordmann, E., McAleer, P., Toivo, W., Paterson, H., and DeBruine, L. M. (2021). \u201cpsyteachr\/introdataviz,\u201d https:\/\/github.com\/psyteachr\/introdataviz\/, version 2.0 (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016-765","article-title":"Automatic discrimination of soft voice onset using acoustic features of breathy voicing","volume":"2016,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Interspeech"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c50","unstructured":"Parker Jones, \u02bb\u014c. (2010). \u201cA computational phonology and morphology of Hawaiian,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100316000438","article-title":"Hawaiian","volume":"48","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Phonetic Assoc."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1515\/labphon.2011.016","article-title":"Dynamical account of how \/b, d, g\/ differ from \/p, t, k\/ in Spanish: Evidence from labials","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Phonol."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2017.10.001","article-title":"Glottalisation as a cue to coda consonant voicing in Australian English","volume":"66","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100319000045","article-title":"Glottalisation of word-final stops in Australian English unstressed syllables","volume":"51","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Phonetic Assoc."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5104.299","article-title":"Perceptual judgment of abruptness of voice onset in vowels as a function of the amplitude envelope","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Disord."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c56","first-page":"90","article-title":"Lenition of \/h\/ and glottal stop","volume-title":"Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gesture, Segment, Prosody","author":"Docherty","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c57","unstructured":"R Foundation (2024). \u201cThe R project for statistical computing,\u201d http:\/\/www.R-project.org, version 4.4.2 (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c58","unstructured":"Ripley, B. D., Venables, W. N., Bates, D. M., Hornik, K., Gebhardt, A., and Firth, D. (2025). \u201cmass: Support functions and datasets for Venables and Ripley's mass,\u201d https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/MASS\/index.html, version 7.3-65 (Last viewed April 20, 2026)."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0242","article-title":"Orthography and modality influence speech production in adults and children","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00049","article-title":"Effects of fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, sample duration, and vowel context in cepstral and spectral measures of dysphonic voices","volume":"63","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Speech. Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-022-01652-8","article-title":"Exploring the mechanics of fundamental frequency variation during phonation onset","volume":"22","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c62","first-page":"1846","article-title":"voicesauce: A program for voice analysis","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c63","volume-title":"The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c64","first-page":"I-333","article-title":"Pitch determination and voice quality analysis using subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2014.10.138","article-title":"Jitter, shimmer and HNR classification within gender, tones and vowels in healthy voices","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2025.a954227","article-title":"The crosslinguistic distribution of vowel and consonant intrinsic F0 effects","volume":"101","year":"2025","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4919349","article-title":"Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382973","article-title":"A theoretical study of the effects of various laryngeal configurations on the acoustics of phonation","volume":"66","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381959","article-title":"Occurrence of glottal stops in fluent speech","volume":"64","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c70","volume-title":"Modern Applied Statistics with S","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2019.09.004","article-title":"A computational study of the effects of vocal fold stiffness parameters on voice production","volume":"35","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c72","first-page":"248","article-title":"A phonetic description of K\u00e1\u00ednai Blackfoot","volume":"19","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lang. Doc. Conserv."},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c73","first-page":"3276","article-title":"Variable realization of the Arapaho glottal stop, despite its being distinctive and frequent","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(95)80165-0","article-title":"The universality of intrinsic F0 of vowels","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2010.04.003","article-title":"In defense of lab speech","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2026051411042165500_c76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4944754","article-title":"Cause-effect relationship between vocal fold physiology and voice production in a three-dimensional phonation model","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/159\/5\/4038\/21005637\/4038_1_10.0043708.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/159\/5\/4038\/21005637\/4038_1_10.0043708.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:04:35Z","timestamp":1778771075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/159\/5\/4038\/3391269\/Acoustic-properties-of-utterance-initial-glottal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0043708","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}