{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1785247294264,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["RS-2024-00341814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00341814"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The equation of motion for a cavitation bubble following lithotripter-induced shock wave and gas bubble nucleus interaction in a viscous compressible blood is derived using the Keller\u2013Miksis model, together by applying a Casson equation as a constitutive equation for blood flow, and numerical calculations have been performed for the initial bubble radii R0, 1\u201310\u2009\u03bcm. Following the shock wave\u2013gas bubble interaction, a cavitation bubble is formed when the shock wave pressure tail enters the negative pressure region, and it expands to reach the maximum radius Rmax. The Rmax value decreases linearly as R0 decreases for whole blood, plasma, and water. Among the three types of liquids, whole blood tends to exhibit the smallest Rmax value due to the influence of apparent viscosity. During cavitation bubble collapse, a high Reynolds number flow is developed in the whole blood, in which the apparent viscosity approaches Casson viscosity. Eventually, the bubble collapse dominated by inertial effect can produce impulsively high pressures on the order of several hundreds to thousands of gigapascals with the pulse width of 7.5 ps to 0.11 ns (i.e., full width at half maximum). A pair of impulsive collapse pressure pulses, with the collapse pressure ratio of 27\u2013789, occur with the occurrence frequency of approximately 9 kHz for whole blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0044256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:05:46Z","timestamp":1785243946000},"page":"839-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cavitation bubble dynamics following lithotripter-induced shock wave-gas bubble interaction in viscous compressible blood"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2923-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukio","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University of Education 1 , Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-8567,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7534-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Ha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine 2 , Stanford, California 94305,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwansuk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine 2 , Stanford, California 94305,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072808531760900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1122\/1.4866296","article-title":"Modeling of the blood rheology in steady-state shear flows","volume":"58","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035","article-title":"For whom the bubble grows: Physical principles of bubble nucleation and dynamics in histotripsy ultrasound therapy","volume":"45","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517509095769","article-title":"Ultrasonic measurement of sound velocity in whole blood. A comparison between an ultrasonic method and the conventional packed-cell-volume test for hematocrit determination","volume":"35","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/bir-1977-145-607","article-title":"Blood viscosity at different shear rates in capillary tubes","volume":"14","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c5","first-page":"207","article-title":"Pressure waves from collapsing cavities","year":"1958"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2000-00251-7","article-title":"Collapse of cavitation bubbles in blood","volume":"50","year":"2000","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c7","first-page":"84","article-title":"Flow equation for pigment-oil suspensions of the printing ink-type","volume-title":"Rheology of Disperse Systems,","author":"Mill","year":"1959"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-017-0017-4","article-title":"Geometrical characterization of the cavitation bubble clouds produced by a clinical shock wave device","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Lett."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398328","article-title":"A theoretical study of cavitation generated by an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter","volume":"86","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c10","volume-title":"Underwater Explosions","year":"1948"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3934\/biophy.2019.2.39","article-title":"Impact of erythrocytes properties on blood surface tension","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIMS Biophys."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112080002662","article-title":"Effects of the non-equilibrium condensation of vapour on the pressure wave produced by the collapse of a bubble in a liquid","volume":"97","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3502464","article-title":"Liquid compressibility effects during the collapse of a single cavitating bubble","volume":"129","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c14","first-page":"26","article-title":"The growth or collapse of a spherical bubble in a viscous compressible liquid","volume-title":"Hydro. Lab., Cal. Inst. of Technol.","year":"1952"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0017342","article-title":"Dynamics of an oscillating microbubble in a blood-like Carreau fluid","volume":"153","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1711058","article-title":"Collapse and rebound of a spherical bubble in water","volume":"7","year":"1964","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3650855","article-title":"Some analytical aspects of bubble dynamics","volume":"87","year":"1965","journal-title":"Trans. ASME, J. Basic Engng."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3601254","article-title":"Collapse of a gas-filled spherical cavity","volume":"35","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2973229","article-title":"Shock-induced collapse of a gas bubble in shockwave lithotripsy","volume":"124","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"07JC08","DOI":"10.7567\/JJAP.56.07JC08","article-title":"Visualization of the cavitation bubbles produced by a clinical shock wave field using a micropulse LED light","volume":"56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1121\/1.384720","article-title":"Bubble oscillations of large amplitude","volume":"68","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061442","article-title":"Micro-viscometer for measuring shear-varying blood viscosity over a wide-ranging shear rate","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093602","DOI":"10.1103\/bqyr-5c1d","article-title":"Energy concentration and release during the inertial collapse of a spherical gas cavity in a liquid","volume":"10","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Fluids"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90233-Q","article-title":"A study on the constitutive equation of blood","volume":"25","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(63)86816-2","article-title":"Rheology of human blood, near and at zero flow: Effects of temperature and hematocrit level","volume":"3","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4961364","article-title":"Cavitation-induced damage of soft materials by focused ultrasound bursts: A fracture-based bubble dynamics model","volume":"140","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-51070-0","article-title":"On the collapse of cavity clusters in flow cavitation","volume-title":"Cavitation and Inhomogeneities in Underwater Acoustics","author":"Lauterborn","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c28","first-page":"439","article-title":"Underwater shock wave propagation and focusing in inhomogeneous media","volume-title":"Shock Waves @ Marseille III","author":"Brun","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c29","unstructured":"Nishiyama, T., and Akaizawa, M. (1979). \u201cPressure waves produced by the collapse of a spherical bubble,\u201d Technol. Rep., Tohoku Univ, Vol. 44, pp. 579\u2013602."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.09.010177.001045","article-title":"Bubble dynamics and cavitation","volume":"9","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2023.105106","article-title":"Inelastic and flow-type parameter models for non-Newtonian fluids","volume":"320","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440808635681","article-title":"VIII. On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity","volume":"34","year":"1917","journal-title":"Lond. Edinb. Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931306","article-title":"Temperature dependence of blood surface tension","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c34","first-page":"97","article-title":"On the impulse pressure accompanying spherical bubble collapse in liquids","volume":"31","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rep. Inst. High Speed Mech., Tohoku Univ"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3424271","article-title":"The behavior of gas bubbles in the Casson fluid","volume":"45","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c36","volume-title":"Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer","year":"1967"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1299\/jsme1958.20.1453","article-title":"On the behavior of a spherical bubble and the impulse pressure in a viscous compressible liquid","volume":"20","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull. JSME"},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112089002314","article-title":"Optical and acoustic investigations of the dynamics of laser-produced cavitation bubbles near a solid boundary","volume":"206","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2026072808531760900_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2118307","article-title":"A model for the dynamics of gas bubbles in soft tissue","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/160\/1\/839\/21088768\/839_1_10.0044256.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/160\/1\/839\/21088768\/839_1_10.0044256.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:05:48Z","timestamp":1785243948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/160\/1\/839\/3399565\/Cavitation-bubble-dynamics-following-lithotripter"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0044256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}