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Models predict that substantive changes occur because of thermal conduction from seasonally varying bottom water temperature. However, definitive measurements have been lacking. In this work, sediment sound speed profiles obtained during different seasons show significant differences in the upper 9 m of mud at the New England Patch. Gradients in late March 2017 are 6.0 s\u22121 and in early October 2025, 2.6 s\u22121. This change is shown to have a significant impact on acoustic propagation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0044366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:49:46Z","timestamp":1784206186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal changes in sediment sound speed profiles"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles W.","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University 1 , Portland, Oregon 97207,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Research Lab, The Pennsylvania State University 2 , State College, Pennsylvania 16803,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1589-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Sonnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University 1 , Portland, Oregon 97207,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071608494185600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382594","article-title":"Sound velocity gradients in marine sediments","volume":"65","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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