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Using ultrasound imaging and generalized additive mixed models with simultaneous confidence intervals, the tongue contour over space and time in two comparisons has been modeled: each vowel against its sibilant onset and the three vocalic realizations against one another. [\u027b\u02c8] continues the \/\u0282\/ posture while [\u0279\u02c8] diverges from \/s\/, and the three realizations differ from one another, the two apical vowels from [i] and from each other. The Mandarin \u201capical vowel\u201d label may subsume more than one articulatory strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0044524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:47:20Z","timestamp":1785847640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal tongue kinematics from ultrasound imaging: Articulatory divergence in Mandarin apical vowels"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5185-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-fan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300044,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080408471737500_c1","first-page":"2095","article-title":"Dynamics of the tongue contour in the production of guttural consonants in Levantine Arabic","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026080408471737500_c2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Retraction of the whole tongue induced by pharyngealisation in Levantine Arabic: A between-subject account using static and dynamic PCA and GAMMs","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080408471737500_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5334\/labphon.214","article-title":"Analyzing speech in both time and space: Generalized additive mixed models can uncover systematic patterns of variation in vocal tract shape in real-time MRI","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab. 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