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Synchronous high-speed imaging and hydrophone measurements in a water tank capture the transient bubble evolution and the acoustic signatures, clarifying the relationship between tail bubble dynamics and acoustic radiation. A boundary integral model reproduces the experimental observations, and a natural frequency model is developed to characterize the acoustic response of non-spherical bubbles. A systematic parametric study is then performed to evaluate the effects of ventilated pressure and free surface on tail bubble dynamics and acoustic radiation. The results reveal a stage-dependent acoustic radiation feature: acoustic radiation is negligible while the cylinder moves inside the launcher. Upon exit, significant acoustic radiation is produced by the tail bubble. After pinch-off, oscillations of two residual bubble structures dominate late-stage acoustic signals. The proposed model shows good predictive accuracy for the tail bubble natural frequency. Furthermore, the dominant acoustic frequency exhibits a non-monotonic depth dependence with a distinct minimum at intermediate depths. Beyond a critical depth, it is primarily governed by the ambient pressure. These findings constitute a valuable reference for underwater launch bubble acoustics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0046726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:24:58Z","timestamp":1790767498000},"page":"2716-2732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acoustic radiation of tail bubble dynamics in underwater cylinder launch"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7247-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University 1 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1299-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A-Man","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University 1 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University 2 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3699-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System and Equipment, Harbin Engineering University 3 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University 1 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University 2 , Harbin 150001,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093007245488000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2014.04.014","article-title":"A study on the collapse of cavitation bubbles surrounding the underwater-launched projectile and its fluid\u2013structure coupling effects","volume":"84","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"2026093007245488000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"067117","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0095741","article-title":"Research on the interference characteristics of successively launched underwater projectiles","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. 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